Protozoan part 2

Shape of Amastigote

Round to oval

Nucleus location of Amastigote

Off center

Kinetoplast of Amastigote

Dot-like blepharoplast and parabasal body adjacent to it

Amastigote does not have flagella but has?

Axoneme

Shape of promastigote

Long and slender

Nucleus location of promastigote

In/near center

Location of the kinetoplast of promastigote

Anterior end

Flagella of promastigote

One which extends from anterior end to the posterior end

Shape of Epimastigote

Long and slightly wider than promastigote

Nucleus location of epimastigote

Posterior end

Kinetoplast of Epimastigote

Anterior to the nucleus

Flagella of epimastigote

One which extends from the anterior end to the posterior end

Undulating membrane of epimastigote

Extending half of the body length

Shape of Trypomastigote

C, S, U shaped

Nucleus location of Trypomastigote

Anterior to the kinetoplast

Kinetoplast of Typomastigote

Posterior end

Flagella of trypomastigote

One which extends from the anterior end to the posterior end

Undulating membrane of trypomastigote

Extends entire body length

Disease association of Trypanosoma cruzi

Chaga’s disease/American trypanosomiasis

Stages present in Trypanosoma cruzi

Apamastigote, promastigote, epimastigote, trypomastigote

Vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi

Cone-nose bug, assassin bug, reduviid bug, triatomine bug, triatoma rubrifasciatica, rhodnius, panstrongylus

Disease association of Trypanosoma gambiense

Gambian, West African Sleeping Sickness

Stages of Trypanosoma gambiense

Epimastigote and Trypomastigote

Vector/s of Trypanosome gambiense

Tsetse fly (Glossina species)

Disease association of Trypanosoma rhodesiense

Rhodesian, East African Sleeping Sickness

Stages of Trypanosoma rhodesiense

Epimastigote and Trypomastigote

Vector/s of Trypanosome rhodesiense

Tsetse fly (Glossina species)

This pathology has no characteristic symptoms and may last for 20 years or more

Chronic trypanosomiasis

Chronic trypanosomiasis may cause?

Cardiomyopathy, megaesophagus, megacolon

Treatment for Trypanosoma cruzi

Nifurtimox and benznidazole

The life cycle of T. cruzi contains two stages, what are these?

Triatomine bug stage, Mammalian stage

Specimen used for the laboratory diagnosis of T. cruzi are?

Blood, CSF, fixed lymph nodes tissues, and lymph juices

This involves T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense

Trypanosoma brucei Complex

This is the earliest sign of African Trypanosomiasis and is a hard and painful lesion at the site of inoculation

Chancre

This is known as the West African Sleeping Sickness

Gambian trypanosomiasis

Which of the phases of gambian trypanosomiasis has a symptoms of fever, headache, joint and muscle pain, tachycardia, dizziness as well as rashes

Acute Gambian trypanosomiasis

Which of the phases of gambian trypanosomiasis has a symptoms of CNS ivasions, severe headache, alternately morose and excitable, and lack of interest in work

Chronic Gambian trypanosomiasis

This is the enlargement of the posterior cervical lymph node and have a ripe plum consistency

Winterbottom’s sign

This is known as the East African Sleeping Sickness

Rhodesian trypanosomiasis

This is more rapid and fatal; CNS involvement appear earlier and neurologic deterioration is rapid

Rhodesian trypanosomiasis

Specimens used for the laboratory diagnosis of T. brucei Complex

Blood, CSF, and lymph juices

Treatment for T. brucei Complex is only effective on?

Early stages

Vectors of Leishmania species

Sandfly vectors (Phlebotomus species)

Disease Association of Leishmania tropica

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Disease Association of Leishmania braziliensis

American Leishmaniasis

Disease Association of Leishmania donovani

Visceral Leishmaniasis

Stages exhibited of Leishmania species in humans

Amastigotes (reticuloendothelial system)

Stages exhibited of Leishmania species in vectors

Promastigote (midgut and proboscis)

Life cycle of Leishmania species involved two stages which are?

Sandfly stages, human stages

Infective stage of Leishmania species in man

Promastigote

Infective stage of Leishmania species in vectors

Amastigote

Mode of transmission of Leishmania species?

Vector-borne

Other names of Cutaneous leishmaniasis

Jericho boils, Aleppo button, Baghdad boils, Oriental sore, Delhi fever

Symptoms of cutaneous leishmaniasis include?

Skin ulcer, painless lesions

In diffuse cases, cutaneous leishmaniasis resembles what?

Lepromatous leprosy

In this pathology, lesions do not heal spontaneously and tend to relapse after treatment

Cutaneous leishmaniasis

American leishmaniasis is also known as?

Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

Metastatic spread of lesion to oronasal and pharyngeal mucosa

Espundia

Disfiguring leprosy-like tissue destruction and swelling

Tapir nose

Erosion of the pinna of the ear

Chiclero ulcer

Visceral leishmaniasis is also known as?

Kala-azar, dumdum fever

Specimens used in diagnosing Leishmania species

Blood and tissue sample

When doing a biopsy in cutaneous leishmaniasis what is used?

Skin

When doing a biopsy in visceral leishmaniasis what is used?

Bone marrow, spleen

These are spore forming, single-celled obligate intracellular parasites

Coccidian

Habitat of coccidian

Intestine

The pathology of coccidians indicates that they are generally?

Opportunistic pathogens

What is the life cycle of coccidian (IN ORDER)

Sporogony, Schizogony, Gametogony

This is the sexual cycle producing oocysts

Sporogony

This life cycle occurs only in the vector

Sporogony

This is the asexual cycle producing merozoites

Schizogony

This stage occurs in the human host wherein the humans acts as the intermediate host

Schizogony

This is the development of male and female gametocytes

Gametogony

Causative agent of Malaria

Plasmodium species

It is the leading parasitic disease that causes mortality worldwide

Plasmodium species

4 plasmodium species according to their frequency in the Philippines

Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ovale

This is the most common Plasmodium species in the Philippines

Plasmodium falciparum

Plasmodium specie that is common worldwide

Plasmodium vivax

Plasmodium specie that is exclusively rare

Plasmodium ovale

Mode of transmission of Plasmodium species

Vector borne

Vector of Plasmodium species

Female Anopheles mosquito

Principal vector of Plasmodium species

Anopheles minimus variety flavirostris

Secondary vectors of Plasmodium species

A. litoralis, A. maculates, A. mangyamus

Final host of Plasmodium species

Female anopheles mosquito

Intermediate host of Plasmodium species

Man

Habitat of Plasmodium species

Slow flowing shaded streams

Biting time of the vectors of Plasmodium species

Night time (both indoor and outdoor)

Resting place of vectors of Plasmodium species

Inside walls

Infective stage of plasmodium species in man

Sporozoites

Infective stage of plasmodium species in vector

Gametocyte

Plasmodium falciparum sporogony length

9-10 days

Plasmodium vivax sporogony length

8-9 days

Plasmodium malariae sporogony length

15-20 days

Plasmodium ovale sporogony length

14 days

Plasmodium falciparum schizogony length

36-48 hours

Plasmodium vivax schizogony length

48 hours

Plasmodium malariae schizogony length

72 hours

Plasmodium ovale schizogony length

48 hours

It is the cycle of fever or the interval of occurrence of fever

Periodicity or Febrile cycle

Febrile cycle of Plasmodium falciparum

Malignant Tertian/Subterian