8.1 intro

Define classification

The process of organising symptoms into categories based on which symptoms frequently cluster together

Define schizophrenia

A severe mental disorder where contact with reality is lost

What are the two classification systems

ICD-10

DSM-5

What are the differences between DSM-5 and ICD-10

DSM-5 = one of the positive symptoms must be present for diagnosis

ICD-10 = two or more negative symptoms are sufficient

Why did the classification systems stop using subtypes

Because they tend to be inconsistent over time

Define positive symptoms of schizophrenia

Atypical symptom of schizophrenia, experienced in addition to normal experiences

Give examples of positive symptoms

• hallucinations

• Delusions

Define hallucinations

Sensory experiences that have either no basis in reality, or are distorted perceptions of things that are there

Define delusions

Beliefs that have no basis in reality

Define negative symptoms

Atypical experiences that represent the loss of a usual experience

Give examples of negative symptoms

• speech poverty

• Avolition

Define speech poverty

Reduced frequency and quality of speech

Define avolition

Loss of motivation and lowered activity levels

Define co-morbidity

The occurrence of two disorders or conditions together

When 2 conditions are frequently diagnosed together, it questions the validity of classifying the disorders separately

Define symptom overlap

When two or more conditions share symptoms

When 2 conditions frequently share many symptoms, it questions the validity of classifying the disorders separately