World History, Unit I- Notebooks 5-7

consent of the governed

This was the concept that the state was dependent upon the compliance of the populace, and, furthermore, that the populace is obligated to reform or replace states that fail to protect basic individual rights.

religious toleration

Opponents of state-enforced religion during the Age of Enlightenment argued, instead, for which policy?

English Civil War

This was the series of conflicts between Parliament and the monarchy in England from 1642-1651.

Thomas Hobbes

This intellectual helped formulate the first set of theories which asserted the necessity of a state to prevent anarchy following the series of conflicts known as the English Civil War from 1642-1651.

The Spirit of the Laws

This was the 1748 publication in France that codified the theory that, to avoid absolutist tyranny, the powers of the state should be divided amongst executive, legislative, and judicial branches.

English Bill of Rights

The landmark document that protected the rights of members of Parliament—particularly those regarding judicial protections and protections on speech.

Constitutionalism

This was the idea that states should be bound to a set of written rules & regulations, as deemed by the populace.

The Anglican Church

The official, state-enforced religious institution of England during the 17th & 18th centuries

Natural Rights

These are a set of inherent liberties & protections granted to all people upon birth.

Henry VIII

This 16th-century monarch who asserted his position as the head of English Church with the Act of Supremacy.

Separation of Powers

This was the idea that, in order to avoid absolutist tyranny, the powers of the state should be divided amongst executive, legislative, and judicial branches.

Leviathan

This was the 1651 book which asserted that human beings are, at least to a significant degree, selfish and aggressive, thus necessitating the existence of a sovereign authority (state) at the cost of specific, predetermined liberties to stave off anarchy.

Social Contract Theory

Human beings are, at least to a significant degree, selfish and aggressive, thus necessitating the existence of a sovereign authority (state) at the cost of specific, predetermined liberties to stave off anarchy

Voltaire

This intellectual loathed the combination of church and state arguing state-enforced religion led to persecution.

John Locke

This intellectual asserted the human mind was a 'blank slate' in late-17th century England.

Baron de Montesquieu

This intellectual was a member of the French judiciary and wrote on the necessity of creating independent branches of government in order to help prevent an individual or group from wielding absolute state power

Magna Carta

This landmark document in 1215 referenced by many 17th-century thinkers when referring to limitations on the English monarch regarding Parliament

Divine Rights of Kings

This was the theological belief which justified the absolute power and authority of the monarch through the position's connection to the direct will of God

Glorious Revolution

The largely bloodless conflict in which the English monarch was replaced by William of Orange from the Netherlands.

Acts of Uniformity

These were a set of edicts from 1561-1565 that subjected any 'dissenting' religious groups to penal violations and/or forfeitures for not adhering to the Book of Common Prayer.

New Model Army

Name of the first professional standing army in England.

King James VI and I

King in England and Scotland who first promoted the idea of divine right of kings in England and created a new version of the Book of Common Prayer

King Charles I

This King of England was ultimately executed by Parliament after losing a war to them. 

Bishops’ War

A conflict started in 1639 between the English Monarchy and Scottish Covenanters over being forced to use the Book of Common Prayer.

Personal Rule

A period of 11 years where King Charles I refused to call parliament.

Parliamentarians/Roundheads, Royalist/Cavaliers

The two sides in the English Civil War were…

Oliver Cromwell

The leader of the New Model Army and eventual Lord Protector of English Protectorate.

Puritan

A Protestant Religious group in England that wanted to “purify” the Anglican Church of Catholic influences. Was popular among members of parliament. 

Stuart Reformation

The period after King Charles II was put back on the throne of England the Protectorate was abolished.

William and mary

These two monarchs invaded England in 1688 and took the throne from King James II.

Declaration of Right

A document signed by William and Mary in order to gain the throne that limited their power in comparison to Parliament. 

Glorious Revolution

The name for the overall movement where absolute monarchy was phased out in England

Louis XIV

Absolute monarch of France from 1643 - 1715. He centralized the state administration and moved nobles to a central location and incorporated them into his government. 

Intendant System

A system of governance created in France during the late 17th century where bureaucrats gained administrative control over various districts from a central government.

Versailles

The tremendous palace complex Louis XIV had built in the mid-17th Century where he forced nobles from across France to move to

Standing army, King had final law-making power, taxes directed through bureaucracy, removed toleration for protestants, art became tightly relegated by royal authorities.

Louis XIV and Jean-Baptiste Colbert made these five changed to administering the state.

Magna Carta

A contract created in England in 1215 that gave the nobility the ability to control taxation and advise the King directl

Parliament

The governing body of England. and later the United Kingdom, that grew out of the Magna Carta

House of Lords, House of Commons

The two houses of English parliament are…

Taxation, Removal of royal ministers, Assisting with royal succession

Originally, Parliament had control of…