Ch. 15 – Reactions of Radicals & Radical Ions – Top 10

Free radicals are atoms that have __ valence electrons

7

Free radicals can be generated by homolytic bond cleavage of ___

weak σ-bonds

__ can also be made by hydrogen atom abstraction

Free radicals

__ can be converted to haloalkanes by free radical halogenation, but it’s typically not a very selective reaction

Alkanes

Allylic and benzylic positions can be selectively halogenated using ___

NBS or NCS

___ can add to π-systems, as in anti-Markovnikov hydrobromination of alkenes and free radical polymerization

Free radicals

Radical anions are generated by the __ of an electron to a neutral molecule

addition

Radical anions are involved in the ___ and dissolving metal reduction of alkynes to trans-alkenes

Grignard reaction

The Birch reduction involves the reduction of __ to 1,4-cyclohexadienes using Lio/NH3(l)/EtOH/−33 oC

benzene rings

Radical cations result from the removal of an electron from a neutral molecule and are usually seen in __

mass spec fragmentation reactions