Genetics lab mitosis and meiosis quiz

Allele

One of a group of alternative forms of a gene that may occur at a given site on a chromosome

Cell cycle

stages that a cell passes through in the process of cell division

Chromosome

a strucutre composed of DNA and proteins that contains genetic information made up of genes

Co-dominnat

phenotype of heterozygote exhibits individual characteristic of each allele

Diploid

a chromosome number twice that found in gametes; containing two sets of chromosomes written as 2n

Dominant

an allele whose phenotypic effect is the same in both the heterozygous and homozygous conditions

gamete

a reproductive, or germ; sperm or eggG

Gene

the biological unit of genetic information; containing the information for the synthesis of a single protein; located in a definite position on a chromosome

Gene flow

the exchange of genes between different populations

Gene pool

all of the allels of all of the genes of all indivuals in a population

Genotype

the fundamental genetic makeup of an organism

Haploid

having a single set of chromosomes

Heterozygous

having two different alleles for a given character at the corresponding loci of homologous chromosomes

Homologous chromosomes

ones that are identical to each other with respect ot the position of the gene loci

homozygous

havinf identical alleles at the same locus on a pair of homologous chromosomes

incomplete dominance

a phenotype of a heterozygote is intermediate to that of either homozygote

loci

position of a gene on a chromosome

Overdominance

phenotype of heterozygote is more extreme than either homozygote and typically confers an improvement in fitness

Mutation

an inheritable change in the DNA sequence of a chromosome not resulting from recombination

Phenotype

the actual appearance of an individual; the physical expression of the genotype

Recessive

the opposite of a dominant character; expressed phenotypically only when homozygous or haploid

Sister chromatids

identical copies of chromosomal DNA held together by a common functional centromere

Test cross

breeding an organism of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual