Coloring Book

Dura mater

Dura mater

thick, tough outer layer surrounding the brain and spinal cord

Pleura

membrane surrounding the lungs

Peritoneum

membrane that lines the abdominal cavity

Mucosa

mucus-secreting membrane lining all open visceral cavities (respiratory tract, digestive tract, urinary tract)

Epidermis

outer layer of skin

Stratum basale

deepest layer of epidermis

Stratum spinosum

the spiny layer just above the stratum basale layer

Keratinocytes

the most abundant epidermal cells, they function mainly to produce keratin

Stratum granulosum

3rd layer of the epidermis, granular layer

Stratum corneum

outermost layer of epidermis consisting of corneocytes (keratin granules and lipids_

Stratum lucidum

a layer of the epidermis found only in the thick skin of the fingers, palms, and soles

Melanocytes

cells that produce melanin, found in stratum basale and spinosum

Merkel cells

touch receptors in the skin

Langerhans (dendritic) cells

phagocytic cells that present antigen to T lymphocytes

Long bones

longer than they are wide; hollow diaphysis (shaft) of compact bone, medullar cavity, at least two epiphyses (ends of bone)

Short bones

found in wrists and ankles, cancellous bone with a thin cortex of compact bone and no cavity, cube shaped

Flat bones

more flat than round, cranial bones, ribs, scapula

Irregular bones

vertebrae bones, 2 or more shapes

Sesamoid bones

Mostly bone mixed with fibrous tissue and cartilage found in certain tendons/joint capsules in hands and feet, the largest one being the patella

Scapular stabilization muscles

6 muscles that allow the shoulder joint to work

Autonomic (visceral) nervous system (ANS)

Visceral motor neurons dedicated to muscular activity and glandular secretion in viscera

Sympathetic (thoracolumbar) division

responsible for fight or flight activities for the sake of survival

Parasympathetic (craniosacral) division

responsible for maintaining vegetative functions of the respiratory tract, ingestion and digestion of food, and disposal of wastes

Pulmonary circulation

flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart

Systemic circulation

oxygen-rich blood from the left side of the heart to the body tissues, then brings oxygen-poor blood to the right side of the heart

Antigen

substance that triggers an immune response

Lymphoid system primary organs

bone marrow and thymus gland, primary source of lymphoid cells

Lymphoid system secondary organs

spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, appendix, MALT

B lymphocytes

form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections

T lymphocytes

form in the thymus, differentiates into helper (TH) and cytotoxic (TC) cells

Helper (TH) cells

stimulate and regulate immune operations against cells

Cytotoxic (TC) cells

kills cells targeted by other T cells or lymphokines

Natural killer (NK) cells

kill virus infected and tumor cells in association with TC Cells

Phagocytes

destroy antigens by phagocytosis, activated by T cells

Diaphragm

Muscle providing much of the force used for inspiration and expiration of air

Articular system

comprises both fixed and movable joints