history module 2 first column of terms

olive branch petition

sent by 2nd continental congress to king George 3 as last attempt to prevent war from being declared; declared loyalty to king and blamed parliament for all problems

rejected

lead to independence

\*\*battle of bunker hill

* Colonists created encampment and drilled soldiers
* Troops sent out to clear guys on the hill
* British authorities believes colonists would run away after seeing battle
* British advance up the hill and won
* Takes victory

Common Sense 1776

advocated for independence of colonies, critical of the king

Trenton and Princeton

* crossed Delaware river
* Washington defeated hessian mercenaries at Trenton
* set stage for future victory at Princeton
* boosted morale for american troops
* important for revolution

Saratoga (NY)

turning point in revolutionary war

french aided american victory against british

furthered hope for independence

gained France as ally

Nathanael Greene

general during revolutionary war

strategically trained continental army

Yorktown

last major battle of American Revolution

George Washington moved American and French forces south to join Marquis de Lafayette

defeated Lord Cornwallis

virginia

Treaty of Paris, 1783

* ended american revolution
* defined us border
* opened up Mississippi river to navigation from US citizens and Great Britain
* formally recognized US as independent nation

articles of confederation

first constitution of US

established confederation of states

weak central government

weak power

states own their own power

Statute of Religious Liberty

statement of freedom and conscious and the principle of separation of church and state

by Thomas Jefferson in Virginia

Land Ordinance 1784

* Divided Northwest into 10 districts
* District could petition for statehood when population equaled population of least populous existing state
* outlawed slavery in these territories

Land Ordinance of 1785

* Method for surveying land
* Land divided into townships

Land Ordinance 1787

* Northwest territory
* Land will eventually be divided into 3 – 5 territories
* Guaranteed Freedom of Religion and trial by jury to residents
* Prohibited slavery in northwest territory

Edmund Randolph

* introduced Virginia plan to constitutional convention which said:
* Representation based on population
* Lower houses elects upper house
* Bicameral legislature (two chambers)

Whiskey Rebellion (western Pennsylvania)

* Farmers upset with taxes on liquor bc they relied on it for their income, refused to pay tax
* Leaders convicted of treason, pardoned
* Alexander Hamilton and Washington thought it was important to put this down

Daniel Shays

rebellion in western Massachusetts’s

* Abused tax collectors
* Burned down court houses
* Back country farmers, many revolutionary war veterans, economically insecure
* March to Boston to be ‘heard’
* Refuse to pay taxes
* Full scale rebellion breaks out
* Private army hires 3,000 man militia to take shays rebellion down
* Underfund federal government can’t respond
* Highlights need for stronger Federal government

Great Compromise

* bicameral legislature
* Representation in lower house based on \n population
* in upper house each state represented \n equally
* Upper house chosen by state legislatures

William Patterson

helped draft Judiciary Act of 1789

created New Jersey Plan (small states)

* Unicameral legislature (one house)
* each state represented equally

Bill of Rights

* Designed to protect individual states rights
* 10th amendment an important states rights amendment

Federalists

* John Adams (president)
* Thomas Pickney (V.P.)


* Federalist Legislation
* Alien act: makes it difficult for immigrants to enter U.S.
* Naturalization Act: Makes it difficult to become U.S. citizen
* Sedition Act: made it illegal to publish or make speeches against govt.
* Election of 1800 –
* Federalists
* John Adams (president)
* Charles C. Pickney (V.P.)
* favored ratification , believed in a strong central government
* Alexander Hamilton
* Strong central government
* Strong commercial economy
* Wealthy and powerful in control

John Adams

first vice president, second president

signed Declaration of Independence

Anti-Federalists

stronger state government

opposed to us constitution

opposed ratification

scared of federal power being too much

patrick henry

daniel adams

Judiciary Act of 1789

* established judicial courts
* Supreme court (6 members)
* 13 Federal District Courts
* 3 Federal Circuit Courts

10th Amendment

designed to limit power of federal government and protect authority of state

alexander Hamilton

leader in revolution

first secretary treasury under Washington

strong federal government

national bank

James Madison

father of constitution

4th president

introduced separation of powers, federalism, checks and balances to the constitution

Neutrality Act in 1794

* told US citizens to stay out of European affairs
* more specifically great Britain and france
* Puts strain on relationship with France

thomas jefferson

principle author of declaration of independence

oversaw lousianana purchase

lewis and clarke

John Jay

played role in revolution

served as first chief justice of supreme court

governor of NY

helped negotiate treaty of Paris

“Jay Treaty of 1794” helped great britain and us relations

established courts authorities

republicans

* Thomas Jefferson (president) and James Madison
* formed to oppose federalist party
* Aaron Burr (V.P.)
* Concerned about individual rights, states rights
* Concerned about too much political and economic power in too few hands
* Also called democratic-republicans or Jeffersonian Republicans