OPP EXAM ONE LAB

Sherrington’s Law of reciprocal inhibition

Sherrington’s Law of reciprocal inhibition

Agonist / Antagonist relationship

When one muscle contracts, its antagonist relaxes to allow smooth movement

This produces “Pseudoparesis” (fake weakness) in situations of both acute and chronic muscle imbalance syndromes

Inhibited = Weak/Psuedoparetic

• Upper Trapezius

• Sternocleidomastoid

• Levator Scapulae

• Pectoralis Major (upper fibers)

• Pectoralis Minor

• Cervical Erector Spinae

• Scalenes

Facilitated = Tight/Hypertonic

• Mid/Lower Trapezius

• Latissimus Dorsi

• Rhomboids

• Deep Cervical Flexors

Pectoralis Minor

O: Anterior ends of the third to fifth ribs

I: Coracoid Process of Scapula

A: Protracts and downwardly rotates the pectoral girdle at the AC and SC joints.

Iliopsoas

O: Transverse processes of L1-L5 vertebrae, vertebral bodies of T12-L5 vertebrae, and adjacent intervertebral discs.

I: Lesser trochanter of the femur

A: Flex thigh at hip; flexes trunk

Anterior and Middle Scalene

Origin

Anterior: anterior tubercles of transverse processes of C3-C6

Middle: Transverse processes of C2-C7

Insertion

Anterior: Scalene tubercle of Rib 1

Middle: Superior surface of Rib 1

Sternocleidomastoid

Origin

Sternal Head: anterior surface of the manubrium of sternum

Clavicular Head: medial one third of the clavicle

Insertion

Mastoid Process of temporal bone and superior nuchal

line of occipital bone.

What attaches to the coracoid process?

a – pectoralis minor

b – coracobrachialis and biceps b

c – coracoacromial ligament

d – coracoclavicular ligaments

Rhomboid Major and Minor

Origin

Major: spinous processes of T2 to T5

Minor: spinous processes of C7 to T1

Insertion

Major: medial border of scapula

(between spine and inferior angle)

Minor: medial border of scapula

(at spine)

Levator Scapula

Origin: Transverse processes of C1- C4

Insertion: Medial border of scapula, between superior angle and superior portion of spine of scapula

Deltoid

Origin: Lateral one-third of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula

Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity

Pectoralis Major

Origin: medial half of clavicle, sternum and cartilage of first through sixth ribs

Insertion: crest of the greater tubercle of humerus

(Anterior Axillary Fold)

Latissimus Dorsi

Origin: Inferior angle of scapula, spinous processes of T6-12, last 3 or 4 ribs, thoracolumbar aponeurosis and posterior iliac crest

Insertion: intertubercular groove of the humerus

(posterior axillary fold)

Teres Major

Origin: Inferior angle and the lower one-third of lateral border of the scapula

Insertion: crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus

(posterior axillary fold)

Biceps Brachii

Origin

Short Head: coracoid process of scapula

Long Head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Insertion

Tuberosity of the radius and aponeurosis of the biceps brachii

Triceps Brachii

Origin

Long Head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Lateral Head: posterior surface of proximal half of humerus

Medial Head: posterior surface of distal half of the humerus

Insertion

Olecranon process of the ulna

Brachioradialis

Origin: Proximal two-thirds of the lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Insertion: styloid process of radius

FOOSH injury

•Scaphoid fracture (and possible avascular necrosis)

•Somatic dysfunction of radial head

•Fracture of distal radius (usually Colle’s Fracture)

Medial Collateral Ligament

Attaches from medial epicondyle of femur to medial margin and surface of tibia.

Less flexible that lateral collateral ligament and more prone to injury.

Has attachment to medial meniscus and joint capsule.

Lateral Collateral Ligament

Attaches from lateral epicondyle of femur to head of fibula.

Rectus Femoris

Origin: Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine (AIIS)

Insertion: Tibial Tuberosity (via the patella and patellar ligament)

Vastus Lateralis

Origin: Medial lip of linea aspera

Insertion: Tibial Tuberosity (via the patella and patellar ligament)

Vastus Medialis

Origin: Medial lip of linea aspera

Insertion: Tibial Tuberosity (via the patella and patellar ligament)

Vastus Intermedius

Origin: Anterior and lateral shaft of the femur

Insertion: Tibial tuberosity (via the patella and patellar ligament)

Adductor Magnus

Origin: Inferior ramus of the pubis, ramus of the ischium, and ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Medial lip of linea aspera and adductor tubercle

Biceps Femoris

Origin Short Head: Lateral lip of linea aspera

Long Head: Ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Head of Fibula

Tensor Fascia Lata

Insertion: Iliotibial tract (which then inserts distally to the tibial tubercle, AKA Gerdy’s tubercle)

Origin: Iliac crest, posterior to the ASIS

Semitendinosus

Origin: Ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Proximal, medial shat of the tibia at the pes anserinus tendon

Semimembranosus

Origin: Ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Posterior aspect of medial condyle of tibia

Gluteus Maximus

Origin: Coccyx, edge of sacrum, posterior iliac crest, sacrotuberous and sacroiliac ligaments

Insertion: Iliotibial tract (upper fibers) and gluteal tuberosity (lower fibers)

Gluteus Medius

Origin: gluteal surface of ilium, between posterior and anterior gluteal lines, just below the iliac crest

Insertion: Lateral aspect of greater trochanter

Gluteus Minimus

Origin: Gluteal surface of the ilium between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines

Insertion: Anterior aspect of greater trochanter

Piriformis

Origin: Anterior surface of sacrum

Insertion: Superior aspect of greater trochanter

Iliopsoas Group

Origin

Iliacus: Iliac fossa

Psoas major: bodies and transverse processes of L1-L5

Insertion Lessor trochanter

Sartorius

Origin: Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS)

Insertion: Pes Anserinus Tendon

What makes up the Pes Anserinus Tendon?

Sartorius, Gracilis, and Semitendinosus

Parts of the Calcaneus

Gastrocnemius

Origin: Condyles of femur (posterior surfaces)

Insertion: Calcaneous via calcaneal tendon (AKA Achilles Tendon)

Peroneus Longus

Origin: Head of fibular and proximal two thirds of lateral fibula

Insertion: Base of first metatarsal and medial cuneiform

Peroneus Brevis

Origin: Distal two thirds of lateral fibula

Insertion: Tuberosity of fifth metatarsal

Tibialis Anterior

Origin: Lateral condyle of tibia; proximal, lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane

Insertion: Medial cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal

Extensor Digitorum Longus

Origin: Lateral condyle of tibia; proximal, anterior shaft of fibula and interosseous membrane

Insertion: Middle and distal phalanges of second through fifth toes

Extensor Hallucis Longus

Origin: Middle, anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

Insertion: Distal phalanx of first toe

What is important about the lumbosacral fascia?

It plays a vital role in the mechanical stability of the lower back, by transferring load between the trunk and the lower limbs

What do you always start with before treating lymphatics?

Thoracic Inlet/Outler release