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When trying to interpret some lab values, what information should you take into consideration?
Disease conditions
Acute v chronic
Symtpoms
Age
Critical data
Trends of values
What compounds are looked at in a complete blood count (CBC)?
White blood cells (leukocytes)
Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
Hemoglobin
Hematocrit
Platelets (thrombocytes)
What time of day will someone’s WBC count often be higher?
In the late afternoon
What time of day will someone’s WBC count often be lower?
In the early morning
What is the function of WBC?
ID presence of infection, inflammation, or allergens
What is the function of platelets?
Stop bleeding by clot formation
What is the function of RBC?
Transport O2 to tissues in the body and carry CO2 to the lungs
Carry hemoglobin
What is the function of hemoglobin (Hgb)?
Mesure O2 carrying capacity of RBCs
What is hematocrit (Hct) representative of?
The percentage of RBCs in the total blood volume
What is the most common WBC?
Neturophils
List all the different WBCs
Neturophils
Basophils
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
What kind of pattern do immature neturophils have?
Banded pattern
What kind of pattern do mature neturophils have?
Segmented (segs)
What would indicate a rapid production of WBC in response to infection?
A high number of banded neturophils
What is the purpose of basophils?
Aid in immune response
Help in particular with allergies by releasing histamine
What is the purpose of eosinophils?
Attack parasites
Help with asthma
Help with allergies
What is the purpose of monocytes?
Migrate into tissues during injury or infection
Once a monocyte migrates into a tissue, what is its new name?
Macrophage
What do lymphocytes do?
Produce antibodies
Fight tumor cells
Respond to viral infection
What are the different kinds of lymphocytes?
B cells
T cells
Natural killer cells
The suffix -cytosis and -cythemia both mean that something is trending downward. True or false?
False! Both of these suffixes mean that someone is trending in an upward direction (ex. leukocytosis means that there’s an increase in leukocytes)
The suffix -penia and the term anemia mean that something is trending in a downward direction. True or false?
True (ex. leukopenia means that there’s a decrease in leukocytes)
What compounds are looked at in an electrolyte panel?
Sodium (Na)
Potassium (K)
Calcium (Ca)
Chloride (Cl)
Phosphate (PO4)
Magnesium (Mg)
What can happen if potassium levels are either to high or to low?
Heart problems
What clinical implications are similar with hyperkalemia and hypokalemia?
Increased risk of dysrhythmia
Increased risk of acute cardiac events
What is the function of Na?
Determinant of extracellular fluid volume
What is the function of Potassium?
Important for the function of excitable cells
What is the function of Ca?
Helps with bone formation
Helps with cellular division and growth
Helps with blood coagulation
Helps with neurotransmitter release
Helps with muscle contractions
What is the function of chloride?
Helps with fluid balance
Helps with acid base status
What is the function of phosphate?
Necessary for bone formation
Helps with acid-base balance
Helps with storage (of what, idk)
Helps with transfer of energy
What is the function of magnesium?
BP control
Bone strength
Heart rhythm
The prefix hyper- means that something is trending in the upward direction. True or false?
True!
The prefix hypo- means that something is trending in the downward direction. True or false?
True!
How many lab test are included in a basic metabolic panel (BMP)?
8
What lab test are taken for a basic metabolic panel (BMP)?
Ca
CO2
Cl
Creatinine
Glucose
K
Na
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
How many lab test are done for a comphrehensive metabolic panel (CMP)?
16
What lab test are done for a comphrehensive metabolic panel (CMP)?
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
Bilirubin
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Creatinine
Na
K
CO2
Cl
Albumin
Total protein
Glucose
Ca
What are some kidney function tests?
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Serum creatinine
What is the point of a blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test?
Look at the nitrogen portion of urea
Evaluate the metabolic function of the liver and excretory kidney function of the urea
Serum creatinine is a catabolic product of what?
Creatine phosphokinase
What organ excretes serum creatinine?
Kidneys
Serum creatinine levels are a direct measure of what things?
Glomerular filtration rate
Renal function