Bio unit 7 pt 2

What is the first step in the DNA extraction process?

Lysis - breaking open the cell and nuclear membranes to release cellular contents.

Which enzyme is used during the digestion step of DNA extraction?

Protease - an enzyme that breaks down proteins.

What is the purpose of adding cold alcohol during DNA extraction?

To make the DNA visible as it precipitates.

What method is used to amplify DNA samples?

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).

What is the role of DNA Polymerase in PCR?

It synthesizes DNA molecules from deoxyribonucleotides.

What happens during the denaturation step of PCR?

The application of heat separates the double-stranded DNA.

What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis?

To separate and analyze macromolecules (DNA and proteins) based on their size and electrical charge.

What is used to visualize DNA bands after gel electrophoresis?

UV light after staining.

What is the goal of genetic modification?

To alter the genome of an organism to create a transgenic organism.

What tool is used to cut the gene of interest in genetic modification?

A Restriction Enzyme.

What is the role of Ligase in the genetic modification process?

To combine the target gene with the plasmid.

What can a repressor do in gene regulation?

Inhibit gene transcription by binding to DNA.

What are carotenoids?

Pigments that are red, yellow, or orange.

What is hybridization in breeding strategies?

Crossing individuals with distinct genetic traits.

What is inbreeding?

Breeding of individuals with identical or highly similar DNA due to a shared ancestor.

What are polyploid plants?

Plants that contain more than two sets of chromosomes.