Flapper
Symbol of rebellious jazz age youth through liberated young woman
Prohibition
Ban on manufacture & sale of alcohol (18th amendment)
Harlem Renaissance
African American cultural awakening in Harlem
Psychoanalysis
Method of studying how the mind works and treating mental disorders
Surrealism
Movement that attempted to portray the workings of the unconscious mind
The Waste Land
1922 T.S. Eliot poem portraying the world as spiritually empty & barren
Great Depression
Painful time of global economic collapse
New Deal
Massive package of economic and social progress
Benito Mussolini
Italian leader who established a totalitarian state through fascism
Command Economy
Government officials make all basic economic decisions in a country
Socialist Realism
Artistic style portraying peasants and citizens as heroes while praising Russia and Stalin for their generosity.
Totalitarianism
System where rulers have complete control and use violence to instill fear and obedience in citizens.
Chancellor
Equivalent to a prime minister in Germany.
Gestapo
Secret police force in Nazi Germany.
Nuremberg Laws
Nazi laws in 1935 that deprived Jews of German citizenship and imposed restrictions.
Appeasement
Giving in to aggressors' demands to maintain peace, as seen in the lead-up to World War II.
Blitzkrieg
Hitler's "Lightning War" strategy involving fast and overwhelming attacks.
Concentration Camps
Detention centers for civilians considered enemies of the state, notably used during the Holocaust.
Lend-Lease Act
Allowed the US to sell or lend war materials to countries vital for its defense, like during World War II.
Rosie the Riveter
Symbol of American women who worked in factories during World War II.
Battle of Stalingrad
Costliest battle where Hitler aimed to capture Stalin's city, leading to a Soviet victory and subsequent offensive.
D-Day Assault
Allied invasion on June 6, 1944, involving paratroopers, ships, and a joint force to liberate France.
Allied Advance
Allies pushed back Axis powers through continuous bombing, battles like the Battle of the Bulge, and the defeat of Germany.
Yalta Conference
Meeting between Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin to plan post-war strategies, leading to agreements and mistrust.
V-E Day
Victory in Europe on May 8, 1945, marked by Hitler's suicide, German surrender, and the end of the war in Europe.
War of Japan with the Allies
Conflict in the Pacific, including battles like Iwo Jima and Okinawa, leading to the use of atomic bombs.
Postwar Events
Nuremberg Trials, United Nations, Cold War, Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, NATO, and Warsaw Pact shaping the post-war world.
Cold War
Era of tension between the US and the Soviet Union, characterized by superpower rivalry, containment, and ideological conflicts.
Warsaw Pact
Led by the Soviet Union, an alliance in Eastern Europe during the Cold War.
Iron Curtain
The symbolic division between democratic Western Europe and communist Eastern Europe during the Cold War.
Berlin Wall
Constructed by East Germany to prevent its citizens from fleeing to West Berlin.
Prague Spring
Refers to the period in 1968 when Czechoslovakia sought greater freedom of expression, leading to Soviet intervention.
Mutual Assured Destruction
A concept during the Cold War where both the US and the Soviet Union had enough nuclear weapons to destroy each other, deterring their use.
SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks)
Agreements between the US and the Soviet Union to limit the number of strategic nuclear weapons.
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)
A treaty aimed at preventing the spread of nuclear weapons and promoting peaceful uses of nuclear energy.
NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization, a military alliance of Western European and North American democracies during the Cold War.
SEATO
Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, a defense pact formed to prevent communist expansion in Southeast Asia.
Containment
US policy during the Cold War aimed at preventing the spread of communism.
Ho Chi Minh
Nationalist/communist leader of Vietnam guerrillas
Dien Bien Phu
Victory in the Indochina War 1954 leading to France's exit
Domino Theory
Belief that communist victory in South Vietnam would spread
Viet Cong
Communist rebels in South Vietnam
Tet Offensive
Turning point in US public opinion during the Vietnam War
Khmer Rouge
Cambodian communist guerrillas
Pol Pot
Brutal communist dictator of the Khmer Rouge
End of Vietnam War
America withdrew, North Vietnam took over
Start of Vietnam War
Gulf of Tonkin incident
Mujahedin
Muslim religious warriors
Mikhail Gorbachev
Energetic leader of the Soviet Union
Glasnost
Policy of openness in the Soviet Union
Perestroika
Restructuring of government and economy in the Soviet Union
Solidarity
Independent labor union in Poland
Vaclav Havel
Czechoslovakia's dissident writer and president
Nicolae Ceausescu
Romania's dictator overthrown and executed
Nikita Khrushchev
Stalin's successor in the Soviet Union
Soviet Economy Problems
Inefficiency and waste in central planning
Soviet-Afghan War
Soviet Union's "Vietnam" in Afghanistan
Collapse of the Soviet Union
Economic turmoil and political unrest
Changes after the Vietnam War
Shift in communist politics globally
Napoleon III in Mexico
Attempted conquest upsetting the US
Prussian Control of Paris
Led to food shortages for Parisians
Strong Country's Role
Should help weaker countries
Missionaries in Africa
Viewed Africans paternalistically
David Livingstone and Henry Stanley
African explorers
King Leopold II
Stated goals vs. actual motivations in Africa
Best Form of Resistance
Marching for spreading awareness
East India Company in India
New rifles and forced travel caused issues
GB-China Dispute
Opium trade vs. China's ban
European Powers' Competition
Driven by treaties, status, and nationalism
Advancements in WWI Warfare
Machine guns, artillery, engines
Triple Alliance and Entente
Alliances in WWI
Flapper
Rebellious youth challenging social norms
Red Scare
Fear of communism leading to immigration policy changes
Great Depression
Autumn 1929 stock market crash
Mein Kampf
Hitler's journal on Nazi ideologies
Appeasement Reasons
Pacifism, weariness of war, Great Depression
Miracle at Dunkirk
Evacuation boosting British morale
Lend-Lease Act
Lending war materials contradicting neutrality act
Rosie the Riveter
Symbol of women labor during WWII