final

final study

Flapper

Symbol of rebellious jazz age youth through liberated young woman

Prohibition

Ban on manufacture & sale of alcohol (18th amendment)

Harlem Renaissance

African American cultural awakening in Harlem

Psychoanalysis

Method of studying how the mind works and treating mental disorders

Surrealism

Movement that attempted to portray the workings of the unconscious mind

The Waste Land

1922 T.S. Eliot poem portraying the world as spiritually empty & barren

Great Depression

Painful time of global economic collapse

New Deal

Massive package of economic and social progress

Benito Mussolini

Italian leader who established a totalitarian state through fascism

Command Economy

Government officials make all basic economic decisions in a country

Socialist Realism

Artistic style portraying peasants and citizens as heroes while praising Russia and Stalin for their generosity.

Totalitarianism

System where rulers have complete control and use violence to instill fear and obedience in citizens.

Chancellor

Equivalent to a prime minister in Germany.

Gestapo

Secret police force in Nazi Germany.

Nuremberg Laws

Nazi laws in 1935 that deprived Jews of German citizenship and imposed restrictions.

Appeasement

Giving in to aggressors' demands to maintain peace, as seen in the lead-up to World War II.

Blitzkrieg

Hitler's "Lightning War" strategy involving fast and overwhelming attacks.

Concentration Camps

Detention centers for civilians considered enemies of the state, notably used during the Holocaust.

Lend-Lease Act

Allowed the US to sell or lend war materials to countries vital for its defense, like during World War II.

Rosie the Riveter

Symbol of American women who worked in factories during World War II.

Battle of Stalingrad

Costliest battle where Hitler aimed to capture Stalin's city, leading to a Soviet victory and subsequent offensive.

D-Day Assault

Allied invasion on June 6, 1944, involving paratroopers, ships, and a joint force to liberate France.

Allied Advance

Allies pushed back Axis powers through continuous bombing, battles like the Battle of the Bulge, and the defeat of Germany.

Yalta Conference

Meeting between Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin to plan post-war strategies, leading to agreements and mistrust.

V-E Day

Victory in Europe on May 8, 1945, marked by Hitler's suicide, German surrender, and the end of the war in Europe.

War of Japan with the Allies

Conflict in the Pacific, including battles like Iwo Jima and Okinawa, leading to the use of atomic bombs.

Postwar Events

Nuremberg Trials, United Nations, Cold War, Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, NATO, and Warsaw Pact shaping the post-war world.

Cold War

Era of tension between the US and the Soviet Union, characterized by superpower rivalry, containment, and ideological conflicts.

Warsaw Pact

Led by the Soviet Union, an alliance in Eastern Europe during the Cold War.

Iron Curtain

The symbolic division between democratic Western Europe and communist Eastern Europe during the Cold War.

Berlin Wall

Constructed by East Germany to prevent its citizens from fleeing to West Berlin.

Prague Spring

Refers to the period in 1968 when Czechoslovakia sought greater freedom of expression, leading to Soviet intervention.

Mutual Assured Destruction

A concept during the Cold War where both the US and the Soviet Union had enough nuclear weapons to destroy each other, deterring their use.

SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks)

Agreements between the US and the Soviet Union to limit the number of strategic nuclear weapons.

Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)

A treaty aimed at preventing the spread of nuclear weapons and promoting peaceful uses of nuclear energy.

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization, a military alliance of Western European and North American democracies during the Cold War.

SEATO

Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, a defense pact formed to prevent communist expansion in Southeast Asia.

Containment

US policy during the Cold War aimed at preventing the spread of communism.

Ho Chi Minh

Nationalist/communist leader of Vietnam guerrillas

Dien Bien Phu

Victory in the Indochina War 1954 leading to France's exit

Domino Theory

Belief that communist victory in South Vietnam would spread

Viet Cong

Communist rebels in South Vietnam

Tet Offensive

Turning point in US public opinion during the Vietnam War

Khmer Rouge

Cambodian communist guerrillas

Pol Pot

Brutal communist dictator of the Khmer Rouge

End of Vietnam War

America withdrew, North Vietnam took over

Start of Vietnam War

Gulf of Tonkin incident

Mujahedin

Muslim religious warriors

Mikhail Gorbachev

Energetic leader of the Soviet Union

Glasnost

Policy of openness in the Soviet Union

Perestroika

Restructuring of government and economy in the Soviet Union

Solidarity

Independent labor union in Poland

Vaclav Havel

Czechoslovakia's dissident writer and president

Nicolae Ceausescu

Romania's dictator overthrown and executed

Nikita Khrushchev

Stalin's successor in the Soviet Union

Soviet Economy Problems

Inefficiency and waste in central planning

Soviet-Afghan War

Soviet Union's "Vietnam" in Afghanistan

Collapse of the Soviet Union

Economic turmoil and political unrest

Changes after the Vietnam War

Shift in communist politics globally

Napoleon III in Mexico

Attempted conquest upsetting the US

Prussian Control of Paris

Led to food shortages for Parisians

Strong Country's Role

Should help weaker countries

Missionaries in Africa

Viewed Africans paternalistically

David Livingstone and Henry Stanley

African explorers

King Leopold II

Stated goals vs. actual motivations in Africa

Best Form of Resistance

Marching for spreading awareness

East India Company in India

New rifles and forced travel caused issues

GB-China Dispute

Opium trade vs. China's ban

European Powers' Competition

Driven by treaties, status, and nationalism

Advancements in WWI Warfare

Machine guns, artillery, engines

Triple Alliance and Entente

Alliances in WWI

Flapper

Rebellious youth challenging social norms

Red Scare

Fear of communism leading to immigration policy changes

Great Depression

Autumn 1929 stock market crash

Mein Kampf

Hitler's journal on Nazi ideologies

Appeasement Reasons

Pacifism, weariness of war, Great Depression

Miracle at Dunkirk

Evacuation boosting British morale

Lend-Lease Act

Lending war materials contradicting neutrality act

Rosie the Riveter

Symbol of women labor during WWII