Blood and Lymph- Veterinary Medical Term

main function of blood

transport

what do white blood cells do to protect us?

White blood cells can destroy microorganisms and involved with immunity

what do blood clots do to protect us?

help prevent blood loss

majority of plasma

water (91%)

majority of formed elements

erythrocytes

how many types of white blood cells

5 types

most present white blood cells

neutrophils

main difference between plasma and serum

-presence of fibrinogen in plasma. The fibrinogen is removed from plasma during the clotting process to form serum.

-To prevent this from happening you need to add an anticoagulant. EDTA (purple top) and Heparin (green top) or 2 very commonly used anticoagulants. EDTA binds with Ca to stop the clotting cascade, so it is useful in CBC (complete blood count) because we are only looking at platelets, red and white blood cells. But is bad for chemistry since the Ca is all bound out.

Heparin works by stopping thrombosis in the clotting cascade. Does not affect Ca so is good for chemistry but does affect platelets so not good for CBC

EDTA (purple top) and Heparin (green top) are ______. They __________

2 very common used anticoagulants. They stop clotting.

plasma vs serum

Plasma has clotting factors serum doesn't

3 functions of blood (basic)

transportation, regulation, protection

to create serum you ______

put blood in red top tube, let it clot, spin it down, take clear liquid substance

transportation (specific)

system for gases, nutrients, waste products, hormones, blood cells and platelets

regulation (specific)

-Temperature of blood can affect and be affected by the body

-Fluid content can affect fluid content of tissues outside of the cardiovascular system

-Blood helps to regulate body pH

protection (specific)

-White blood cells can destroy microorganisms and involved with immunity

-Blood clots help prevent blood loss

What does EDTA do?

binds with Ca to stop the clotting cascade, so it is useful in CBC (complete blood count) because we are only looking at platelets, red and white blood cells. But is bad for chemistry since the Ca is all bound out.

What does heparin do?

works by stopping thrombosis in the clotting cascade. Does not affect Ca so is good for chemistry but does affect platelets so not good for CBC

CBC

complete blood count

2 main categories of blood cells

red blood cells (RBC) and white blood cells (WBC)

What are the 5 types of leukocytes?

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, lymphocytes

to run chemistry we use ______

green top tube

Heprin

dont care abt platelets

to run a CBC we use_______

purple top tube

EDTA

care abt platelets

WBC

RBC

smallest and most numerous blood cell

erythrocytes

What do erythrocytes do?

They produce the protein hemoglobin to which oxygen directly binds. Iron is used in the formation of hemoglobin giving it a red color, cells low in hemoglobin will appear pale classified as hypochromic.

2 catagories of leukocytes

granulocytes and agranulocytes

WBC function

provide some form of protection for the animal.

Granulocytes are _______________

basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils

most common granulocyte

neutrophil, which play a major role in the inflammatory response. They phagocytize (eat) microorganisms, kill them and spit out debris that may become pus.

animals including humans most common WBC

neutrophils

monocyte

like detectives. master of disguise, can change colors, have vacuoles (holes) or not, change size and nucleus shape depending on its level of activity. They can also become macrophages when they migrate into body tissues, where they are capable of ingesting particles too large for other phagocytes.

Agranulocytes

do not have distinct granules and 2 exists lymphocyte and monocyte.

thrombocyte is same as

platelet

Lymphocytes

are nice round cells with nice round nuclei and basophilic cytoplasm. Some can be found circulating in the blood, but they are the predominant cell found in lymph, the clear to white fluid of the lymphatic system.

rubri- red

baso- blue, basic

anti- against, opposed

ante-

macro- large, enlarged

micro- small

meta- after, behind

-emia- blood condition

Usually abnormal

-plasm- related to plasma

-esis-process of an action

-cyte-cell

-clast- to break

-philia- loving, or more than normal

hem/o-blood

hemat/o-blood

sanguin/o-blood

plasm/o-plasma

plas/o-plasma

ser/o-serum; the liquid portion of blood after it has clotted and the clot is removed

morph/o-structure, shape

cyt/o-cell

kary/o-nucleus

clast/o- to break

erythr/o-red

erythemat/o-red

eosin/o-red

rubr/o-red

EDTA

ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

PCV

packed cell volume

Hct

hematocrit

PMN

polymorphonuclear

Diff

differential white blood cell count

TNTC

too numerous to count

TP

total protein

RBC

red blood cell

_______is a measure of the percent of RBC in a volume of blood.

Hct

__________measures two proteins in serum: globulin and albumin

TP

____________ are also called PMN because their nuclei can take on many shapes.

Neutrophils

The ______ includes the percentage of each WBC per 100 total WBC counted on a stained blood smear.

diff

a pH less than 7

acidic

what does lymphatic system do?

Lypmphatic system collects fluid that has leaked out of capillaries. Without it tissues would build up fluid (edema). Along the way the lymph passes through a lymph node that acts like a filter to remove viruses and toxins to prevent these particles from spreading. Lymphocytes inside the lymph node produce antibodies in response to a particular antigen. Swelling of the lymph node may indicate that macrophages and lymphocytes are busy working to keep the infection from spreading.

composition of lymph

fluid

cells

( aka immunoglobulin) is a protein substance produced in the blood or tissue to fight antigen.

antibody

antigen

things that shouldn't be in there (virus, bacteria)

antibody made out of _______ and is made to what

protein; go and fight antigen

Thrombocyte is same as what

platelet

________ is a large multinucleated cell that is found in the bone marrow.

Megakaryocyte

primary function of thrombocytes

prevent bleeding by platelet plug

coagulation (clotting)

Thrombocytes are broken off pieces of __________

megakaryocytes

norm/o-normal

plur/i- several, more than one

lys/o- destruction, breakage

splen/o- spleen

-blast- bed, seed, formative cell

-lytic- destruction, breakage

-phobia-intense or abnormal fear

-penia

lack, deficiency

-poiesis

making, producing

what are functions of the spleen? (basic)

hematopoiesis

store blood

filter foreign materials

remove dead/dying erythrocytes

immunity

what are functions of the spleen? (detailed)

Hematopoiesis- process of making blood cells ( most blood cells are made in red bone marrow)

store blood

¡See below

filter foreign materials

¡Contains macrophages that clean the blood

remove dead/dying erythrocytes

¡All cells have a finite life span, when old they become less effective and are removed. Some parts (protein , iron) are recycled to make new RBC

Immunity

¡Contains localized areas of lymphoid tissue called white pulp, during immune response lymphocytes can clone themselves

_______ is a large tongue shaped organ fount on the left side of the abdominal cavity near the stomach.

spleen

Animals can live without their spleens, red bone marrow will take over the duties of the spleen.

true

Hematopoiesis

process of making blood cells ( most blood cells are made in red bone marrow)

Hemo-blood

poiesis- making

literally means without blood

anemia

Erythrocyte Disorders

red blood cells appear normal in size

normocytic

Erythrocyte Disorders

RBC are pale

hypochromic

Erythrocyte Disorders

RBC are larger than normal; indicates immature RBC

macrocytic

Erythrocyte Disorders

RBC are smaller than normal; may indicate lack of iron, necessary to make hemoglobin

microcytic

Erythrocyte Disorders

cell membranes of RBC are being ruptured

hemolytic

Erythrocyte Disorders

pertaining to more than one color; usually indicates immaturity

Polychromasia

literally means white blood

leukemia

overabundance of abnormal white blood cells, blood cancer

leukemia

disease or abnormal condition of more than the normal number of WBC in the blood

Leukocytosis

abnormally low number of neutrophils in the blood

neutropenia

high number of esoinphils

eosinophilia

abnormally high number of monocytes

monocytosis

low number of all blood cells

pancytopenia

a pH greater than 7

alkaline

drowsy, dull, listless, unenergetic

lethargic

class of simple proteins insoluble in water

Globulin

a protein portion of hemoglobin

globin

a blood clot that forms and adheres to the wall of a vessel at its site of formation (it becomes an embolus when it breaks away form the endothelium and circulates in the blood)

thrombus

abnormal material circulation in blood that could become lodged in a vessel and block blood flow

embolism

to close off or shut

Occlude

-You will occlude a vein before you draw a blood sample

pan

all