Cellular Reproduction and the Cell Cycle
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These flashcards cover essential terminology and concepts related to cellular reproduction, the cell cycle, and the associated mechanisms.
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38 Terms
Cell Cycle
A continuous process of growth and division that produces new cells.
Interphase
The longest stage of the cell cycle where the cell grows and prepares for division.
Mitosis
The division of a cell's nuclear material (DNA).
Cytokinesis
The division of the cytoplasm, creating two daughter cells.
Binary Fission
A straightforward form of cell division used by prokaryotic cells.
Surface Area to Volume Ratio
A measure that affects cell efficiency; smaller cells have a higher ratio, facilitating transport and communication.
Apoptosis
Programmed cell death that helps to remove damaged cells and protects the body from cancer.
Stem Cells
Unspecialized cells that can develop into specialized cells under the right conditions.
Cyclins
Proteins that control the stages of the cell cycle.
Carcinogens
Substances and agents known to cause cancer.
Sister Chromatids
Identical copies of DNA formed during DNA replication.
Centromere
The center point where sister chromatids attach.
G₁ Phase
The phase of interphase where the cell grows organelles.
S Phase
The phase where the cell synthesizes/makes more DNA.
G₂ Phase
The phase where the cell makes proteins and microtubules to aid in cell division.
Metaphase
The stage of mitosis where chromosomes line up at the cell's metaphase plate.
Anaphase
The stage of mitosis where sister chromatids separate, becoming two identical chromosomes.
Telophase
The final stage of mitosis where DNA relaxes and two nuclear membranes form.
Cell Cycle
A continuous process of growth and division that produces new cells.
Interphase
The longest stage of the cell cycle where the cell grows and prepares for division.
Mitosis
The division of a cell's nuclear material (DNA).
Cytokinesis
The division of the cytoplasm, creating two daughter cells.
Binary Fission
A straightforward form of cell division used by prokaryotic cells.
Surface Area to Volume Ratio
A measure that affects cell efficiency; smaller cells have a higher ratio, facilitating transport and communication.
Apoptosis
Programmed cell death that helps to remove damaged cells and protects the body from cancer.
Stem Cells
Unspecialized cells that can develop into specialized cells under the right conditions.
Cyclins
Proteins that control the stages of the cell cycle.
Carcinogens
Substances and agents known to cause cancer.
Sister Chromatids
Identical copies of DNA formed during DNA replication.
Centromere
The center point where sister chromatids attach.
G₁ Phase
The phase of interphase where the cell grows organelles.
S Phase
The phase where the cell synthesizes/makes more DNA.
G₂ Phase
The phase where the cell makes proteins and microtubules to aid in cell division.
Prophase
The first stage of mitosis where chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope breaks down.
Metaphase
The stage of mitosis where chromosomes line up at the cell's metaphase plate.
Anaphase
The stage of mitosis where sister chromatids separate, becoming two identical chromosomes.
Telophase
The final stage of mitosis where DNA relaxes and two nuclear membranes form.
Chromosomes
Thread-like structures made of DNA and protein, found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
Note 
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