Genetics, Evolution, and Ecology: Key Concepts for Biology 26-50

26. Removal of tails in dogs has no effect on gene frequencies because ____

A - Only genes in reproductive cells matter

27. Earthworms losing segments when injured and regrowing them affects gene frequency how?

A - It does not change gene frequency

28. An example of gene flow into a population is ____

D - The arrival of new immigrants

29. Blue eyes in a population decreasing from 25% to 16% is an example of ____

B - Genetic drift

30. A drastic reduction in population size that changes gene frequencies is called ____

C - A bottleneck effect

31. The process by which favorable traits increase in frequency is called ____

B - Natural selection

32. The Hardy-Weinberg principle assumes ____

A - No mutation, no migration, large population, random mating

33. A population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium ____

B - Has stable allele frequencies

34. A change in allele frequency due to random chance is known as ____

B - Genetic drift

35. A farmer choosing animals with desired traits for breeding is an example of ____

D - Artificial selection

36. A group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring is called a ____

A - Species

37. A random change in DNA sequence is known as a ____

A - Mutation

38. Structures that come from a common ancestor but may have different functions are called ____

B - Homologous structures

39. When two species evolve in response to each other, it is called ____

A - Coevolution

40. A trait that increases an organism's chance of survival is a(n) ____

C - Adaptation

41. The idea that species change slowly over long periods of time is called ____

D - Gradualism

42. The idea that evolution occurs in rapid bursts followed by long stability is called ____

C - Punctuated equilibrium

43. The preserved remains or traces of organisms from the past are called ____

D - Fossils

44. The wings of bats and insects are an example of ____

B - Analogous structures

45. The study of embryos showing similarities among species is known as ____

B - Embryology

46. The theory that evolution occurred slowly and that changes accumulate over long time periods is

A. gradualism

47. A polyploid organism contains ____ set(s) of chromosomes.

D. multiple

48. The shapes of flowers may permit only certain animals to carry pollen from one flower to the next. The type of isolating mechanism displayed here is

A. morphological

49. In the phosphorus cycle the ultimate source of phosphorus is

A. rock

50. In the carbon cycle the two primary processes that remove and add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere are

D. respiration and photosynthesis

the genome is all the individuals

all of these answers are true

Most populations tend to

produce many more offspring than needed for replacement

The fittest organism in a population is the

organism that succesfully produces the most offspring

The theory of natural selection was proposed

jointly by Darwin and Wallace

New genes are introduced into a gene pool by

spontaneous mutations

Lamarck’s theory of evolution was based upon

acquired characteristics

the evolutionary explosion of new species from a common ancestor is

adaptive radiation

The several species of finches that developed on the group of islands in the Galapagos are an example of

adaptive radiation

Both bats and insects have wings, this is an example of

convergent evolution

in the figure, the pattern of divergent evolution is best illustrated by

A

new species may result from

divergent evolution

an increase in the number of chromosomes present in an organism is known as

punctuated equilibrium

a new highway is built in an area. Half of a population of a certain species of animal us on one side of the highway and half on the other side. the animals are unable to cross the highway. the highway creates an example of

geographic isolation

many cave dwelling animals, although unrelated, have poor eyesight and little skin pigmentation. this is an example of

convergent evolution

an examination of fossil records show that three modern species all had a common ancestor. This is an example of

divergent evolution