PLN 2 Reviewer

Urban Area

Defined as a composite of cells, neighborhoods, or communities where people work together for the common good

City

Work of art; fosters art and is art

City

An architectural, and therefore an artistic creation

Architecture

Claims superiority over other forms of visual art

Architecture

Has spatial quality unlike painting and sculpture

Architecture

Incorporates elements of these art forms and therefore is the most comprehensive of visual art

Architecture

"unavoidable art"

City

"largest work of art possible"

Urban Design

Deals with the plan of the city, the various component parts of urban space, and their functional and aesthetic apects

Urban Design

The art of city building

Urban Design

Concerned with the methods used to organize and structure the urban realm

Urban Design

Branch of planning which is primarily concerned with the functional and visual relationships between people and their physical environment, and the ways in which those relationships can be improved

Urban Design Protocol

The design of the buildings, places, spaces and networks that make up our towns and cities, and the ways people use them

Urban Design

Must be considered at a number of different scales, from the details of street furniture to the infrastructure that shapes entire cities and regions

Urban Design

Remains an art as a science

Urban Design

Involves both public urban space and parts of the private domain, and concerns the urban environment at a range of scales

'Hard' economic realities; 'soft' human-oriented elements

Urban design entails both _________ and a number of _________ coming together to create a whole that is more than the sum of the parts

Jonathan Barnett

An early and significant advocate of urban design; wrote that "Design is a methodology that ... can help solve some of the problems of misallocated resources, misused land and the unnecessary destruction of historic buildings

Urban Design Stakeholders

Urban design involves many people including practitioners (architects, engineers, planners, landscape architects), local and central government agencies, property developers and investors, community groups and the public

Benefits UD might offer

Can offer significant benefits to the community

Benefits UD might offer

Long-term costs can be avoided

Benefits UD might offer

Better quality of life

Benefits UD might offer

Can offer health benefits

Benefits UD might offer

Can help make towns and cities safer and more secure

Benefits UD might offer

Elements are interconnected

Public realm

Urban design's principal concern

Good Urban Design

Demonstrates design excellence in urban development and architectur

Good Urban Design

Distributes benefits widely in the population

Good Urban Design

Produces environmental benefits

Good Urban Design

Responds to local features and needs

Good Urban Design

Is relevant to the contemporary world

Good Urban Design

Leaves open the possibility for continuing adaptation and change

Good Urban Design

Forges connections with the past

Urban Design

Generally accepted name for the process of giving process design to urban growth, conservation and change

Urban Design

Aims to arrange and shape buildings open space and infrastructure into a framework of activities, functions and development and to provide an engaging , rewarding environment for people

Urban Design

Thoughtful integration of the human system with the natural system to house societies

3 Main goals of Urban Design

To design and build urban development which are both structurally and functionally sound

3 Main goals of Urban Design

Sustainable development

3 Main goals of Urban Design

Meeting the needs and aspirations of the people

3

3 Main goals of Urban Design

Meeting the needs and aspirations of the people

Sustainable Development

Development that integrates environmentL, economic, and social concerns and can meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

Development

Should not be confined with growth

Growth

A physical or quantitative concept; concerned with improvement of progress including cultural social and economic dimension

Keys to making development sustainable

Financial capital

Keys to making development sustainable

Physical capital

Keys to making development sustainable

Human capital

Keys to making development sustainable

Social capital

Keys to making development sustainable

Natural capital

Financial capital

Sound macroeconomic planning and prudent fiscal management

Physical capital

Infrastructure assets such as buildings, machines, roads, power plants, and ports

Human capital

Good health and education to maintain labor markets

Social capital

People's skills and abilities as well as the institutions, relationships, and norms that shape the quality and quantity of a society's social interactions

Natural capital

Natural resources, both commercial and non-commercial, and ecological services which provide the requirement for life

Urban Design Framework

Strategic planning that gives direction to areas in need of repair and undergoing changes

Geographic extent of the city

The method of design used in single building or in a group of buildings are ineffectual on a city for two reasons

The city is of such a scale that its various sections are built and rebuilt over a long span of time

The method of design used in single building or in a group of buildings are ineffectual on a city for two reasons

Simulation movement system

In three-dimensional terms has the quality necessary to meet the two city requirements

Simulation movement system

Path along which city dwellers move or are transported

Relationship of mass and space

Three concepts to understand the significance of "simultaneous movement system"

Continuity of experience

Three concepts to understand the significance of "simultaneous movement system"

Simultaneous continuities

Three concepts to understand the significance of "simultaneous movement system"

Responsive architecture

The idea that the built environment should provide its users with an essentially democratic setting, enriching their opportunities by maximizing the degree of choice available to them

Permeability

It affects where people can go, and where they cannot

Variety

It affects the range of uses available to people

Legibility

It affects how easily people can understand what opportunities it offers

Robustness

It affects the degree to which people can use a given place for different purposes

Visual appropraiteness

It affects whether the detailed appearance of the place makes people aware of the choices available

Personalization

It affects the extent to which people can put their own stamp place

Richness

It affects people's choice of sensory experience

Community Design Architecture

A systematic, highly scalable and robust methodology for the facilitated co-evolution of communities of practice, other forms of co-learning communities, and knowledge networks, with their virtual learning environments

Social architecture

The network of relationships, collaboration, communication and coordination, with supporting agreements, principles, metrics, leadership roles, decision making etc, need to create open and trusting interactions

Knowledge architecture

the body of available knowledge (intellectual capital) to be upgraded to meet new challenges, by orientation, exploration, reflection, sense-making, and shared memory

Business architecture

financing, attracting and allocating resources (two-way value propositions), business model to ensure sustainability

Technology architecture

An advanced online environment with a wide range of tools to support collaboration, communication and coordination in an efficient, effective and enjoyable way

Reduce mistakes, Orient evaluation, Coordinate collaboration, Foster co-evolution, Establish coherence of design, Chart an optimal course, Focus attention

A well-designed architectural framework should let the community:

Community, Knowledge, Business, and Technology

Four design areas

Designing for Emergence

Means that they can produce surprising new capabilities through the differentiation and integration of their members' capabilities; cannot be planned or "engineered" like a formal organization

Designing for Emergence

Concerned with ensuring that all enablers of emergence are given proper attention throughout the deign process

Productive Conversations

A key process for fostering the emergence of new meaning and solutions in communities

Productive Conversations

Concerned with designing into the system the capacity to sustain networks of coherent dialogues and productive inquiries involving any number of members and their communities, across distance and time

Across time

Implies that there should be explicit provision to promote the synergy of real time and delayed time

Synchronous

Real time

Asynchronous

Delayed time

Transformational design

Concerned with ensuring that all tools, structures, and processes are optimized for continually meeting the user communities evolving learning needs and aspirations

Robust, Flexible, Scalable

To meet that requirement, transformational design has to be:

Innovation Focus

Concerned with 4 architectural layers as 4 domains of innovation, and with their cross-pollination

General Principles

In community planning, this section summarizes some of the most important principles

Accept different agendas

In community planning, people will want to be involved for a variety of reasons

Urban spatial structure

One of three distinct components of Urban Design on large or macro scale

Urban beautification

One of three distinct components of Urban Design on medium scale

Urban decoration

One of three distinct components of Urban Design on small or micro scale

Small-scale entrepreneurship, more quality goods available, higher real estate values

Builds and supports the local economy

Local ownership, local value, more desirable jobs, increased currency velocity

Builds and supports the local economy

Greater tax reveneu, less need for municipal services

Builds and supports the local economy

Greater community organization, sense of pride and volunteerism, perpetuation of integrity and values

Nurtures and defines community identity

"Mutual coerciom, mutually agreed upon", less need for municipal control, self-managing

Nurtures and defines community identity

Improves sociability, more cultural exposure, interaction, exchanges and preserves information, wisdom, values

Foster frequent and meaningful contact

Supports barter system, reduces race and class barriers, feeling of interconnection

Foster frequent and meaningful contact

More walkable, safe for pedestrians, compatible with public transit

Creates improves accessibility