different body systems

what does the muscular system do for the body?

helps the body move, and helps move food through the digestive system to help keep the heart beating

What organs are in the muscular system?

muscles(involuntary,and voluntary, tendons

what is a involuntary muscle

smooth and cardiac muscles that you CAN’T control

ex:muscles used for breathing and digestive food 

what are voluntary muscles

skeletal muscles that are under your control

Ex: smiling, turning pages in a book

how do the muscles work

by contracting or becoming shorter, and must works in pairs(one contracts, the other returns to it’s original length)

what are the functions of the nervous system

receives information about what is happening inside and outside the body, and directs the way your body responds to this information

organs 

brain, spinal cord, nerves 

• Cerebrum 

• Interprets input from the senses

• Controls movement of skeletal muscles

• Complex mental processes (learning)

• Cerebellum 

• Coordinates muscle actions & balance

• Brainstem (medulla)

• Controls involuntary actions (ex:  breathing)

Neurons

• nerve cell that is specialized to transfer messages in the form of fast-moving electrical energy

• electrical messages are called impulses

Path of nerve impulse:

                                      sensory neuron

spinal cord

brain

spinal cord

motor neuron 

Cardiovascular (circulatory) System functions 

Transports blood (that contains oxygen, and wastes) throughout the body. 

organs

heart, blood

heart

• Hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body.

blood

• The fluid that carries gases, nutrients, and wastes through the body and that is made up of platelets, white blood cells, red blood cells, and plasma

arteries

• Blood vessel that carries oxygen-rich blood away from the heart and to the body parts.

Capillaries

• Small blood vessels where materials are exchanged between the blood and the body’s cells (oxygen & carbon dioxide)

Veins

• Carries oxygen-poor blood (w/carbon dioxide) back to the heart (to be pumped out to the lungs)

Respiratory System functions

Brings oxygen into the body and removes waste gases - carbon dioxide.

Organs:

• Nose

• Mouth

• Pharynx

• Larynx

• Trachea

• Bronchi

• Alveoli

• Lungs

• Diaphragm

How you breathe:

– large dome-shaped muscle used in breathing.

digestive system functions

1. Breaks down food into molecules the body can use.

other system it works with

• Cardiovascular System - Molecules are absorbed into the blood (from the intestines) & carried throughout the body

• Excretory System - Wastes are eliminated from the body

organs

mouth,esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum

mouth

mechanical & chemical digestion starts here

• Mechanical – physically breaking down food (teeth)

• Chemical – breakdown of molecules of food (saliva)

Esophagus

muscular tube connecting the mouth to the stomach

Stomach 

• Most mechanical digestion takes place

• Some chemical with the help of digestive juices (enzymes & acids)

small Intestine

• Most of the chemical digestion takes place

• Absorption of nutrients from digested food into the bloodstream

large intestine

• Water is absorbed into the bloodstream

• Remaining material is readied for elimination from the body

Rectum

• Waste material is compressed into solid form

Path of food through Digestive System

mouth 

esophagus

stomach

small intestine

large intestine

rectum

eliminated from body

excretory system

• Collects wastes produced by cells and removes wastes from the body.

organs

kidneys, ureters,bladder, urethra

Kidneys

• Eliminate urea, excess water, & some other waste materials

• Filter wastes from the blood

• Produce urine

Ureters

• These two thin tubes carry pee from your kidneys to your bladder.

Bladder

• Your bladder holds pee until you’re ready to empty it (pee). 

• It’s hollow, made of muscle, and shaped like a triangular balloon. 

• Your bladder expands as it fills up. 

Urethra

• This tube carries pee from your bladder out of your body. 

Other Systems that the excretory system works with

digestive, respiratory, integument 

how does it work with other systems

• Rectum & Anus (Digestive System)

  • Stores & then removes solid wastes from digestive system

• Lungs (Respiratory System)

  • Remove carbon dioxide produced during cellular respiration

• Skin (Integumentary System)

  • Removes perspiration (dissolved waste materials)

immune system functions 

1. Provides a barrier against pathogens (disease causing agents).

2. Defends the body against pathogens.

Lines of Defense:

• First line of defense:  barrier

• Second line of defense:  inflammatory response

• Third line of defense:  immune system targets specific pathogens

first line of defense

• Skin

  • Chemicals in oil & sweat

  • Pathogens fall off with dead skin cells

• Mucus & cilia

  • Trap and remove pathogens that enter the respiratory system

• Sneezing & coughing

  • Force pathogens out of the body

• Saliva (spit)

  • Destructive chemicals

Second Line of Defense

• An inflammatory response that uses phagocytes (white blood cells) to engulf & destroy the pathogen.

third Line of Defense

• The immune system targets specific pathogens.

  • B-cells

    • Type of lymphocyte (white blood cell) that produces chemicals called antibodies to destroy a specific kind of pathogen.

  • T-cells

    • Identify pathogens & tell them apart using the pathogen’s antigens (marker molecules)