Geography WA3 Sec2

Network Density

Number of routes and nodes in an area

Example of transport node

A train station, it allows entry to the rail network

Benifits of a dense transport network

it makes it easier for people to engage in different activities and reach locations

A transport network

A structure of nodes that are linked by routes

Transport infrastructure

Structures that support the functioning of a transport system

Examples of transport infrastructure

 roads, railways, walkways, bridges, bicycle lanes, signages, information systems

Indicators of quality of transport infrastructure

Coverage, capacity, frequency, convenience, environmental stability

Why Hong Kong MTR have a high quality transport infrastructure

1. very dense network of 159 train stops over 231km

2. wide coverage with 75% of population located in 1km of a train station

3. large capacity and carries around 4.8 million passengers daily

4. trains arrive every 2 minutes

5. passengers can use non-transport and transport payment

6. contains at least one barrier-free access route

7. water used for washing train cars is used for toilet flushing

Transport modes

ways people and goods move from one place to another

Types of motorized modes

1. moves along fixed routes and stop at specific nodes according to a time schedule

2. provides customized point-to-point transport services

Benifits of non-motorized vehicles

1. more environmentally friendly

2. promote health benefits

transport modes cities are encouraging

non-motorized modes and shared mobility

terminals

facilities where passengers and freight either originate or terminate in the transportation process

interchanges

important points of transfer within or between transportation networks of different modes to ensure continuity of traffic flow

location of major transport nodes

areas of high concentration of activities and that offer high levels of local accessibility

accessibility

ease of reaching destinations or activities

factors of measuring accessibility

travel time and cost

roles transport systems play

mvoement of people and movement of goods and services

transport systems’ role in movement of people

1. Enable people to commute to work. due to the physical separation between residential areas and employment opportunities, people must commute to or from their workplaces daily

2. provide people with access to social activity and amenities

how does LTA enable people to reach amenities easier?

they invest money to expand the network of sheltered walkways, allowing commuters to reach amenities conveniently from public transport nodes

Transport system’s role in movement of goods

enable supply of goods and services from where they are produced to where they are consumed. for example, door to door delivery of goods, GRAB

importance of movement of goods and services

1. rise of e-commerce has increased demand for door-to-door delivery

2. people depended on services delivered using the transport system for their daily needs, for example, residents who live beyond the reach of piped water distribution depend entirely on water distribution trucks

unimodal transportation

a journey that only involves one transport mode

intermodal transportation

a journey that uses two or more transport modes

factors affecting the selection of transport

distance, time, cost, volume it can carry

intermodal connectivity

seamless movement of passengers and freight using two or more transport models

benifits of intermodal transport

it taps on the strengths of each transport mode with the goal of linking different modal networks so that more destinations can be reached

importance of intermodal connectivity

it ensures that passengers do not get lost and goods do not go missing while changing between modes at interchanges and terminals

point-to-point network

a network that connects a set of locations directly without any interruption of services

hub-and-spoke network

a network that connects every location through one intermediary location called a hub

Transport systems’ impact in the environment in cities

Changes to the physical environment and increasing our carbon footprint

why do transport systems cause changes to the physical environment

the development of transport systems require physical space, which often results in changes to the physical environment

example on how transport systems cause changes to the physical environment (animal habitat)

to improve accessibility between locations, natural vegetation may be cleared to build roads. This will divide forests into smaller segments, reducing the size of animal habitats and restricting animal movement. when animals try to cross busy roads they might collide with vehicles and become victims of roadkill

example on how transport systems cause changes to the physical environment (modification of landforms)

To enable movement over different topographies and terrains, landforms such as slopes, mountains and river channels have to be modified. to make downtown Singapore more accessible, part of the Singapore river was diverted for construction of MRT the original waterway was restored after the completion of the tunnels

how do transport systems contribute to increased carbon footprints?

all transport activities consume some form of energy. when petrol is burnt to provide energy, carbon dioxide and toxic gases are released, this contributes to carbon footprint

why do we need to consider different transport modes (carbon footprint)

transprort activities account for 20%-30% of all greenhouse gas emissions. as cities continue to grow, transport systems are set to expand increasing their carbon footprint.