1. Anatomical Terminology and Planes

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering anatomical position, body regions, directional terms, planes, and common imaging/movement concepts from the lecture notes.

Anatomical position

Standardized body position used as reference: standing upright, feet shoulder-width apart, toes forward; upper limbs at the sides with palms facing forward.

Frontal plane (coronal plane)

Plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions.

Sagittal plane (midsagittal/median plane)

Plane that divides the body into right and left portions; midsagittal runs along the midline.

Transverse

Plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions; produces cross-sections.

Anterior (ventral)

Toward the front surface of the body.

Posterior (dorsal)

Toward the back surface of the body.

Superior (cranial)

Toward the head or upper part of the body.

Inferior (caudal)

Toward the feet or lower part of the body.

Proximal

Closer to the point of attachment or trunk.

Distal

further from trunk

Lateral

Away from the midline; toward the side of the body.

Medial

Toward the midline of the body.

Ipsilateral

On the same side of the body.

Contralateral

opposite side of the body

Unilateral

Affecting one side of the body.

Bilateral

affecting both sides of the body

Superficial

closer to the surface

Deep

Away from the surface; internal.

Abduction

Movement away from the midline of the body or a limb; often described in the frontal plane.

Adduction

towards the body

Frontal region

Forehead area of the head.

Oral

Mouth

Mental

Chin

Cranial

Skull area.

Facial

Face area

Orbital

eyes

Nasal

Nose area.

Otic

Ear area.

Cervical

Neck

Thoracic

Chest area.

Abdominal

Abdomen area.

Umbilical region

Naval

Dorsal

Back

Axillary

Armpit

Brachial

Arm

Antebrachial

Forearm

Carpal

Wrist

Pollex

thumb

Palmar

Palm area.

Digits

Fingers; the phalanges of the hand.

Patellar region

Kneecaps

Crural

Leg

Tarsal region

Ankle

Pedal region

Foot area

Hallux

Big toe

Coxal region

Hip

pelvic

Pelvis area

Inguinal

Groin

Pubic

Pubic area

Femoral

Thigh

Gluteal

Buttock area

Popliteal

Back of knee

Sural

Calf

Calcaneal region

Heel area

Plantar

Sole of the foot

Olecranal region

Back of elbow

Antecubital region

Front of elbow

Manus

Hand

Midsagittal plane (midline)

Divides body into right and left halves

Cross-section

A cut/slab of tissue produced by a plane cut; yields a view perpendicular to the long axis.