APUSH Hell Test Presidents flashcards

What were major domestic achievements of Eisenhower?

Interstate Highway Act, expansion of Social Security, Housing Act of 1954, National Defense Education Act, enforcement of Taft-Hartley Act, moderate Republicanism

What were Eisenhower's major foreign policy actions?

Ended Korean War, Eisenhower Doctrine, CIA coups in Iran & Guatemala, Massive Retaliation doctrine, U-2 spy plane incident, Sputnik response

Describe Eisenhower's cultural/societal impact.

Suburbanization & car culture, Baby Boom peak, growth of Sunbelt states, consumer credit expansion, prosperity of the 1950s

What misc/political issues marked Eisenhower's presidency?

Military-industrial complex warning, decline of McCarthyism

Key domestic policies under JFK?

New Frontier programs, affirmative action via Executive Order 10925, tax cut proposals

JFK's major foreign policy initiatives?

Bay of Pigs, Cuban Missile Crisis, Berlin Wall crisis, Alliance for Progress, Peace Corps, Space Race, Limited Test Ban Treaty, NATO strengthening

Cultural/societal aspects of JFK's presidency?

Television politics & charisma, youth political optimism, cultural confidence of early 1960s

Miscellaneous/legacy points of JFK?

Nuclear brinkmanship, assassination impact on Cold War psychology

LBJ's domestic policy accomplishments?

Great Society, War on Poverty, Medicare & Medicaid, Head Start, Elementary & Secondary Education Act, Higher Education Act, Office of Economic Opportunity, Model Cities Program, Immigration Act 1965, Fair Housing Act 1968

LBJ's foreign policy actions?

Vietnam War escalation, Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

Cultural/societal changes under LBJ?

Civil Rights Act 1964, Voting Rights Act 1965, urban riots, student activism, antiwar movement, increased African American voter turnout, Kerner Commission

Misc/legacy of LBJ?

Inflation from war spending, credibility gap, declined reelection 1968

Nixon's domestic policies?

EPA creation, Clean Air Act, New Federalism, wage/price controls, Nixon Shock, Philadelphia Plan, ended the draft

Nixon's foreign policy initiatives?

Détente with USSR, opening China, SALT I Treaty, Vietnamization, Cambodia bombing, backchannel diplomacy

Nixon's cultural and societal points?

26th Amendment (18-year-old vote), "Silent Majority," Roe v. Wade context

Nixon's misc/legacy?

Watergate scandal, Pentagon Papers, War Powers Act, increased executive secrecy, resignation

Domestic achievements of Gerald Ford?

WIN program, budget restraint, energy conservation attempts

Ford's foreign policy highlights?

Helsinki Accords, continued détente, Mayaguez Incident, fall of Saigon/end of Vietnam War

Ford's cultural/societal points?

Bicentennial celebrations, declining trust in government

Misc/legacy of Gerald Ford?

Pardoned Nixon, CIA investigations (Church Committee), lost 1976 election

Jimmy Carter's domestic policies?

Department of Energy, deregulation (airlines/trucking), fuel efficiency standards, Volcker appointment (Fed)

Carter's foreign policy?

Camp David Accords, Panama Canal Treaty, SALT II, Iran Hostage Crisis, grain embargo on USSR, Olympic boycott 1980

Carter's cultural/societal points?

Human rights emphasis, Malaise Speech, Three Mile Island incident, environmental focus, rise of evangelical politics

Misc/legacy of Jimmy Carter?

Stagflation, high interest rates, weak leadership perception, lost reelection

Reagan's domestic policies?

Reaganomics, Tax Reform Act 1986, deregulation, war on drugs, welfare rollback, PATCO strike, increased national debt

Reagan's foreign policy initiatives?

Increased defense spending, Reagan Doctrine, Strategic Defense Initiative, Grenada invasion, Iran-Contra, INF Treaty, improved US-Soviet relations

Reagan's cultural/societal impact?

Conservative revolution, evangelical influence, AIDS crisis response, appointed Sandra Day O'Connor, decline of unions, increased income inequality

Reagan misc/legacy?

"Evil Empire" speech, Morning in America campaign

Domestic achievements of George H.W. Bush?

Americans with Disabilities Act, Clean Air Act amendments, tax increase reversal, Savings & Loan Crisis

Bush foreign policy?

Gulf War, Operation Desert Storm, coalition warfare, fall of Berlin Wall, collapse of USSR, Tiananmen Square response

Bush cultural/societal points?

Environmental moderation, end of Cold War optimism

Bush misc/legacy?

Economic recession, decline of moderate Republicanism, lost reelection

Bill Clinton's domestic policies?

Brady Bill, welfare reform, crime bill 1994, Earned Income Tax Credit expansion, balanced federal budget, Glass-Steagall repeal, Telecommunications Act

Clinton foreign policy?

NAFTA, NATO expansion, Balkans/Kosovo intervention

Clinton culture/society?

First female Secretary of State, Don't Ask Don't Tell, Defense of Marriage Act, dot-com boom, globalization, partisan media rise

Clinton misc/legacy?

Impeachment scandal, triangulation politics, budget surpluses

George W. Bush domestic policies?

Bush tax cuts, No Child Left Behind, Medicare Part D, faith-based initiatives, Department of Homeland Security

George W. Bush foreign policy?

War on Terror, Afghanistan War, Iraq War, Bush Doctrine, Guantanamo Bay, surge strategy

Bush culture/society?

Post-9/11 nationalism, Patriot Act, Katrina response backlash

Bush misc/legacy?

Expansion of executive power, 2008 Financial Crisis

Obama domestic policies?

Affordable Care Act, Dodd-Frank Act, American Recovery & Reinvestment Act, auto bailout, student loan regulation, Medicaid expansion

Obama foreign policy?

Killing of Osama bin Laden, Iran Nuclear Deal, Paris Climate Agreement, normalization with Cuba, drone warfare expansion

Obama cultural/societal impact?

First Black president, same-sex marriage legalization, DACA, Black Lives Matter era, rise of social media politics

Obama misc/legacy?

Tea Party movement, increased polarization, Congressional gridlock