HPNU 3050: Lecture 11 Part 1: Skull bones, Nervous System, and Grey/White Matter

Where is the frontal bone?

Where is the parietal bone?

Where is the occipital bone?

Where is the temporal bone?

Where is the sphenoid bone?

Where is the ethmoid bone?

Where is the zygomatic bone?

Where is the maxilla?

Where is the mandible?

What bones make the coronal suture of the head?

Frontal with parietal

What bones make the sagittal suture of the head?

Parietal with parietal

What bones make the lambdoid suture of the head?

Occipital with parietal

What bones make the squamous suture of the head?

Parietal with temporal

What are the three cranial fossa of the head?

What brains parts are held within them?

Anterior cranial fossa - Frontal lobe of cerebellum

Middle cranial fossa - Temporal lobe of cerebellum

Posterior cranial fossa - cerebellum

What does the term ganglion mean?

Cluster of neuronal CELL BODIES within PNS.

What does the term nerve mean?

Bundle of AXONS within PNS.

What does the term nerve plexus mean?

Network of nerves within PNS.

What does the term nuclei mean?

Cluster of neuron CELL BODIES within CNS.

What does the term tract mean?

Bundle of AXONS within CNS.

What does the term funiculus mean?

Group of TRACTS in a specific area of the SPINAL CORD

What does the term pathway mean?

CENTERS and TRACTS that connect the CNS with body organs and systems.

What does the term peduncle mean?

Stalk-like structure connecting two regions of the brain.

What comprises the gray matter of the brain?

Cortex

Motor neuron and interneuron cell bodies

Dendrites

Terminal arborizations

and unmyelinated axons.

Deep clusters of neuronal cell bodies in the gray matter are called CEREBRAL NUCLEI!!!

What comprises the white matter of the brain?

What is its position relative to the cortex?

Myelinated axons.

It is deep to the cortex.

The cerebrum is composed of what?

What is it divided by?

What is it connected by?

Cerebrum composed of two cerebral hemispheres.

They are divided by a longitudinal fissure

Connected to corpus callosum

What are the five cerebral lobes in EACH cerebral hemisphere?

1) Frontal lobe

2) Parietal lobe

3) Occipital lobe

4) Temporal lobe

5) Insula (Deep within lateral sulcus)

What are the four general functions of the cerebral hemispheres?

1) Contralateral control

2) Hemispheric lateralization

3) Considerable overlap of functions in each region.

4) Separate except where tracts allow for communication. (The largest is the corpus callosum).

What is the gyrus and sulci of the brain?

Gyrus - Hump in the fold of the brain

Sulci - Dip in the fold of the brain.

What are the functions of the frontal lobe? Where is it located?

PRIMARY MOTOR CORTEX (controls skeletal muscle movement).

Located in the precentral gyrus

Voluntary muscle movement, concentration, verbal communication, decision making, planning, and personality.

What are the functions of the parietal lobe? Where is it located?

PRIMARY SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX.

Located in the postcentral gyrus

General sensory functions; receives somatic sensory information from touch, pain, pressure, and temperature receptors.

What are the functions of the temporal lobe? Where is it located?

Primary auditory cortex: Hearing

Primary olfactory cortex: Smell

What are the functions of the occipital lobe? Where is it located?

Primary visual cortex

Processes incoming visual information and stores visual memories

What are the functions of the insula lobe? Where is it located?

Primary gustatory cortex: Taste

Involved in emotional responses, empathy, and taste

What are the three tracts that exist in the white matter of the brain? What does it connect/extend between?

1) Association tracts - connect regions of the cortex WITHIN the same hemisphere.

2) Commissural tracts - extend between cerebral hemispheres

3) Projection tracts - link the cerebral cortex to the inferior brain regions and the spinal cord.

What is the commissural tract called in the brain?

CORPUS CALLOSUM