Bio Midterm Review pt1

haploid

Single set of chromosomes (N)

diploid

Double set of chromosomes (2N)

somatic

Type of cell found in body tissues and organs

gamete

Sex cell (Egg or Sperm)

autosomes

Chromosomes that do not determine sex

zygote

Forms from the combining of sperm and egg.

mitosis

The process of separating duplicated chromosomes into identical daughters from a somatic cell

germ

Type of cell that produces gametes

asexual

Type of reproduction that requires only one parent

sexual

Type of reproduction that requires two parents

chromatid

One of the two identical halves of a chromosome

centromere

The area of a chromosome that holds together sister chromatids

centriole

Produces spindle fibres that help organize movement of chromosomes

cytokenesis

The process of splitting the cytoplasm into daughter cells

Cleavage furrow

Forms between daughter animal cells during cytokenesis

Cell plate

Forms between daughter plant cells during cytokenesis

cancer

Uncontrolled cell growth and division

Crossing over

Exchanging genetic material between homologous chromosomes

synapsis

The fusion of homologous chromosomes in meiosis, forming tetrads

tetrad

Made up of two homologous chromosomes, or four chromatids

gametophyte

Gamete producing generation of a plant

sporophyte

Spore producing generation of a plant

anther

Male structure of flower that produces pollen

filament

Male structure of flower that is a long slender stock that holds anther

stigma

Sticky part of the female reproductive structures. Captures pollen

style

Long tube of female reproductive structures that connects stigma to ovary

ovary

Where ovules, ova and polar bodies are located in flower. Becomes fruit.

Double fertilization

Seed Formation (embryo and endosperm) results from this

parthenogenesis

Offspring that develops from unfertilized egg.

Binary fission

Type of asexual reproduction in bacteria

Fragmentation

Type of asexual reproduction where new body grow from a fragment of the parent

Cell Cycle

Consists of Interphase (G1,S,G2) and Cell Division (M, cytokenesis)

meiosis

Process that uses reductive division to form four haploid daughter cells from a diploid germ cell.

Endosperm

Nourishes the embryo inside a seed. It is 3N

Independent Assortment

The separation of chromosomes to random poles during anaphase in meiosis.