McCarthyism

Margaret Chase Smith

First woman to serve in both the U.S. House and Senate; criticized McCarthyism in her "Declaration of Conscience."

Edward Murrow

Influential journalist and broadcaster who exposed Senator McCarthy’s tactics, helping turn public opinion against McCarthyism.

Robert J. Oppenheimer

Physicist who led the Manhattan Project; later accused of communist ties during the Red Scare and lost his security clearance.

Owen Lattimore

Scholar and writer accused of being a Soviet spy during the McCarthy era; his case symbolized the excesses of anti-communist hysteria.

James William Fulbright

U.S. Senator known for his opposition to McCarthyism and later criticism of the Vietnam War; established the Fulbright Program.

The Red Scare

Period of intense fear of communism and radical leftism in the U.S., especially after WWII and during McCarthy’s investigations.

populism

A political approach that claims to represent the common people against elites or established institutions.