ERP Chap 1-5

Document Management

Provides tools to manage and store documents securely and to keep track of the multiple versions of these documents

Material Planning

Is concerned with matching the demand for materials in the organization with the supply

Project management

The process used to plan and execute large projects such as the construction of a new factory or the production of complex products, such as airplanes

Business Process

Represents a set of tasks or activities that produced desired outcomes

Lifecycle Data Management

A process that supports the design and development of products from the initial product idea stage through the discontinuation of the product

Lifestyle Data Management

Enables an organization to optimize its product development process, from design to market, while ensuring that it complies with industry, quality, and regulatory standards

Business Processes

They are executed across multiple functions, are initiated by some type of trigger, and involve multiple steps

Payment

The final step of the procurement process

Production Process

Involves the actual creation of products

Financial Accounting

Tracks the financial impact of process steps with the goal of meeting legal reporting requirements

Human Capital Management (HCM)

Focuses on people within an organization and includes functions such as recruiting, hiring, training, and benefits management

Silo Effect

A system in which workers complete their tasks in separate departments without regard to the consequences for the ither components of the process

Cross-functional

Business processes that are not executed by a single group or function

Inventory and Warehouse Management (IWM)

Concerned with the storage and movement of materials

Architecture

The technical structure of the software, how users interact with the software, and how the software is physically managed on computer hardware

Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

Connects a company’s ERP system to those of its customers

Product Lifecycle Management (PLM)

Helps companies administer the processes of research, design, and product management

SAP NetWeaver

The “operating system” for an entire company’s business processes

Client

The highest organizational level in SAP ERP

Organizational Data

Used to represent the structure of an enterprise

One

The amount of company codes a plant can belong to

Material Master

Master data that is used in numerous processes

Finished Goods (FERT)

Materials that are created by the production process from other materials

Trading Goods

Materials that are purchased from a vendor

Raw Materials

Materials that are purchased from an external source (a vendor) and are used in the production process

Material Group

Materials with similar characteristics

Transaction Data

Reflects the consequences of executing process steps

Virtual Documents

Refers to financial accounting (FI) documents, management accounting or controlling (CO) documents, and material documents

Work Lists

Identify tasks that are scheduled to be completed in a process

Accounts Receivable Accounting

A key process in financial accounting

Accounts Receivable Accounting

Used to manage money owed by customers for goods and services purchased from the company

Bank Ledger Accounting

Concerned with recording data associated with bank statements

Chart of Accounts (COA)

An order listing of accounts that comprise a company’s general ledger

Assets

Represents what a company owns, such as cash, inventory of materials, and buildings

Revenue

Represents the monies a company earns by selling its products and services

Expenses

Represents the costs associated with creating and selling products and services

Reconciliation Account

A general ledger account that consolidates data from a group of related sub-ledger accounts

Parallel Accounting

Used to implement multiple ledgers and use each ledger for different purposes

Tangible Asset

Has a physical form

Intangible Asset

Has a non-physical form

Operate Chart of Accounts

Contains the operational accounts that are used to record the financial impact of an organization’s day-to-day transactions

Selling Equipment

Not a mode of acquiring an asset for a company

Allocation

Is not a transaction type that occurs during the life of an asset

Operate and Country-Specific COAs

Financial statements can be generated from these

Manufacturing Plant

Not an organizational data type in procurement

Storage Location

A place within a plan where materials are kept until they are needed

Purchasing Organization

Not involved with determining storage locations within the plant

Client Level

Not a model of the purchasing organization

Plant-Level Purchasing Organization/Plant-Specific Purchasing Organization

Each plant has its own purchasing organization

Negotiating contracts and agreements

Not the responsibility of a purchasing group

Sales Master

Not one of the data types that are relevant to the purchasing process

Key Data in the Purchasing View

The purchasing group, the goods receipt processing time, and the delivery tolerances

General data, Accounting Data, and Purchasing Data

Segments of the vendor master

Purchasing Info Record

An intersection or combination of material and vendor data

Consumable Materials

Materials acquired to be consumed or used within the organization

Asset

Used when a company acquires a fixed asset

Delivery Document

Not a document in Purchasing

Transfer Posting

Does not involve a physical transfer of materials

Task

Element of the requirements determination process involving requisition creation

Source List

Used by a company to select a vendor from a list of potential suppliers

Web Services, EDI, Fax, Print

Utilized by SAP to communicate with a vendor

Material Ordered, Quantity Delivered, Verification, Storage Location

A form of data within the goods receipt step

Three-Way Match

A form of invoice verification

Task

Element of the payment step that includes selecting a bank