Tomich, Zeuske - The Second Slavery

History Session 5

What does the term “second slavery” refer to?

The systemic redeployment and expansion of Atlantic slavery during the nineteenth century

What did the world-historical processes between the 1780s and 1888 lead to?

The decline of old zones of colonial slavery, the formation of highly productive new zones of slave commodity production

In what regions did sugar production decline in the late 1820s and early 1830s?

Old colonies of Great Britain and France and Brazilian Northeast

What is Massensklaverei?

The redeployment of slave labour as a productive force

What processes were contributing to the growing world market demand for tropical and semi-tropical plantation staples?

Urbanization and Industrialization

What percentage of world raw material did the US South provide from 1830 until the US Civil War?

Over 75%

Who was the world’s leading sugar producer by 1830?

Cuba

Which new technologies led Cuba to produce sugar on an unprecedented scale?

Steam mill, vacuum pan, and centrifuge

What crop became a new article of mass consumption in Europe and North America and who emerged as the world’s dominant producer?

Coffee, Brazil

Apart from market forces, what shaped the emergence of the new Atlantic division of labour?

The political forces of the Age of Revolution

What event destroyed France’s American empire and Great Britain’s imperial ambition?

Haiti’s victorious slave revolution

Which two state transfers to the United States was also a consequence of the Haitian Revolution?

Florida, Louisiana

How did the acquisition of Florida bolster the US Transatlantic economy?

It opened the gulf ports of Pensacola and Mobile and gave the expanding cotton belt access to river and maritime transport

How did the Louisiana purchase bolster the US Transatlantic economy?

It extended control of the Gulf Coast to New Orleans, providing a river and ocean transport network

Who did Southern expansionists come into political and economic competition with?

Northern agriculture on the western frontier

How did the independence of Brazil create the political space for planters to respond to the new economic opportunities?

The coffee planters of the Valley of Paraíba became particularly influential in the new empire, and independence allowed Brazil a wider margin to continue involvement in the African slave trade, particularly in Angola, Kongo, and Mozambique

How did Havana’s planter class respond to the destruction of the Saint Domingue sugar industry?

They secured the autonomy necessary to develop the sugar zone of Cuba grande

What three regions are a part of the trade triangle during the second slavery?

North and South America / Africa / Europe