Bioenergetics in animal cells

reduction

type of reaction that results in a loss of oxygen, gain of H, e-, and energy is gained

oxidation

type of reaction that results in a gain of oxygen, and a loss of H, e-, and energy loss

ATP, NADH

the 2 enzymatic products are…

heat, light

the 2 non enzymatic products are…

metabolism

sum total of all biochemical reactions in a cell or organism

anabolism

synthesis of fatty acids, lipids, and proteins. supplies carbon skeleton for biological molecules

catabolism

fermentation reaction, breakdown reactions like the citric acid cycle to transfer energy

active carrier

carrier of reducing power, a carrier of energy

phosphorylation

cellular process of transferring a phosphate to another molecule

endergonic

type of reaction that requires energy use

cellular respiration

to recharge or phosphorylate ADP to ATP

kinase

suffix that means add phosphate

anaerobic

type of reaction where no oxygen is used, fermentation

aerobic

type of reaction that uses oxygen, cellular respiration

substrate level phosphorylation

when an enzyme accepts ADP and a substrate to produce ATP and a product

fermentation

process that works to replenish NAD+ in an anaerobic environment

matrix

inner compartment of mitochondrion

cristae

folded inner membrane of mitochondrion, serves to maximize surface area inside the cell

mitochondrion

organelle that’s main purpose is to create ATP

endosymbiosis

the idea that there was once a large cell and a smaller cell (microbe) and the large cell engulfed the microbe and maintained it inside of itself to produce useful products for the larger cell

citric acid cycle

cycle that takes place in the mitochondrion and oxidizes pyruvate

chemiosmosis

theory that the exergonic fall of electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen is coupled to ATP synthesis by a proton gradient across the inner mitochondria membrane

adenosine triphosphate

what does ATP stand for?

exergonic

The hydrolysis of ATP is… (endergonic/exergonic)?

coupled reactions

name for two reactions that provide energy for the other

carbon dioxide

what is the most oxidized molecule discussed in this class?

glucose

what is the most reduced molecule discussed in this class?

ATP, NADH, FADH

list 3 activated carriers

low redox potential

what does high free energy say about redox potential

ATP synthase

protein that allows facilitated diffusion of H+ across a gradient

redox potential

likelihood for a molecule to be reduced or hold onto electrons

Fe, S, Cu

What is needed for e- transport through the use of coenzymes?

protein complex 4

Which protein complex prevents the dangerous combination of Oxygen and e-?