EMT FINAL

Your Medical Director advised administration of Epinephrine. How will you administer the drug?

I will remove the safety and insert into the lateral thigh; hold it for 3-10 seconds. Watch for side effects.

Why should EMTs attend and maintain continuing education on a routine basis?

To maintain, update and expand your knowledge and skills

Name 1966 publication served as the origin of emergency medical services (EMS)?

Accidental death and disability: The neglected Disease of Modern Society

What is meant my critical incident debriefing? What goes on there?

This occurs 72 hours after a traumatic scenario. This is an opportunity to walk through how you are feeling and how the call has affected you.

How soon after an incident should critical incident stress debriefing (CISD) occur?

72 hours

What is meant by a 'positive TB test'?

You have been exposed to TB

Why don't prescription glasses provide adequate eye protection?

There is no side or top protection

What is the term that defines acting in such a way as to make another person fear immediate bodily harm?

Assault

Battery

Unlawfully touching a patient or providing emergency care without consent

Libel

False and Damaging information about a person that is communicated in writing.

Negligence

Failure to provide the same care that a person with similar training would provide.

Please define the term putrefaction

Decomposition of body tissues, a definitive sign of death

Which patients can legally refuse emergency medical treatment?

Competent decision-making adults: Adult, denies drugs and alcohol, non-altered.

What is meant by an informed refusal?

Patients' refusal of EMS treatment and transport after being informed of the risks of refusal

How do you define ethnocentrism?

When a person considers his or her own cultural values as more important when interacting with people of a different culture

What is the value of the patient care report (PCR)?

To document assessment findings, treatments and response to treatment, ensure continuity of care

What term describes a fracture of the humerus just above the elbow?

Distal humerus fracture

How would you anatomically describe fractures of both femurs?

Bilateral

Medial

Toward the midline

Bilateral

on both sides of the body

Proximal

Closer to the body

Unilateral

On one side of the body

Inferior

Toward the feet

Ventral

(Anterior) happens on the front of the body

Anterior

Front of the body

Posterior

(Dorsal) On back

Supraventricular means:

Fast heart rate that occurs above the ventricles

Tachycardia means

Fast heart rate

supra mean?

above

Brainstem:

Basic critical functions

Cerebrum:

Control functions of the body, judgment, planning

Cerebellum:

Balance, muscle coordination and posture

Gray matter:

Tissue that makes up the cerebrum

Which of the structures of the brain coordinates all critical life functions?

Brainstem

Which key hormones of the sympathetic nervous system include:

Epinephrine, norepinephrine

Neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system

Acetylcholine

Fight or flight; increases heart rate and blood pressure

Epinephrine

Hormone that controls glucose levels in the blood

Glucagon

Hormone that allows glucose to enter blood cells

Insulin

Also called norepinephrine,

Noradrenaline

Neurotransmitter that produces vasoconstriction

Norepinephrine

What is the term describing the process of oxygen and carbon dioxide passing across the alveolar membrane in the lungs?

Diffusion

Breathing

The act of pulling air into the lungs

Diffusion

Gas moving from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration

Osmosis

Liquid moving from high to low concentration

Ventilation

The exchange of air between the lungs and the environment

What is another term for skeletal muscle?

Striated

Autonomic muscle

Muscle that is under involuntary control

Involuntary muscle

Movement that is not under conscious control

Smooth muscle

Muscle that lines the intestines, and vessels

Voluntary muscle

Skeletal muscle

Which gland regulates the function of all other endocrine glands of the body

Pituitary

Adrenal

Releases adrenaline when stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system

Thyroid

Produces hormones that regulate metabolism

Pituitary

Regulates the function of all other endocrine glands

Parathyroid

Regulates calcium levels in the blood

What causes an occlusion of an infant or a small child's airway can be occluded if it is overextended or over flexed?

The head is proportionately large, and the trachea is flexible.

Why is breathing often more difficult in older adults?

The elasticity of the lungs has decrease, there is less muscle mass.

The human body should be functioning at its optimal level between the ages of

19-25

What is the first rule of safe lifting?

Keep your back straight, lift with your legs, and communicate.

What is the most serious consequence of a poorly planned or rushed patient move?

Patient and/or responder injury

What term describes an effective team leader?

They help their team accomplish their goals.

Which human error often results in premature diagnosis during a call?

anchoring

Bias

Having fixed beliefs on a subject

Anchoring

Settling on one possible cause of the patient's problems.

Streamlining

Employing faster or simpler working methods

overconfidence

EMT overestimates their skills.

After performing a primary assessment, why then, should the EMT perform a rapid exam of the whole body?

To locate additional life threats that are not obvious.

Define the term Capnography and why we use it.

A noninvasive method to quickly and efficiently provide information on a patient's ventilator status. We use it to measure the amount of expired carbon dioxide.

What causes cyanosis of the skin?

Lack of perfusion

For most patients what is the goal of an optimum oxygen saturation level

94%

When should the EMT performed a systematic head-to-toe assessment?

Unresponsive patients and patients with significant MOI

t a flow rate of 6L/minute, a nasal cannula can deliver an approximate oxygen concentration of up to

44%

What facilitate the gas exchange in the lungs?

surfactant

Define surfactant.

Small amount of fluid that allows the lungs to adhere to the rib cage.

What influences the hypoxic drive?

Chronic low blood oxygen levels.

How do the Diaphragm and intercostal muscles manage the process of Inhalation?

Diaphragm flattened and intercostal muscles contract bringing the chest up and out.

What is the primary waste product of aerobic metabolism?

Water and carbon dioxide

Why is Aspirin beneficial to patients suspected of having a heart attack?

Helps prevent clumping of platelets.

What is the positive effect of nitroglycerin, when given to patients with cardiac-related chest pain?

Relaxes the walls of the coronary arteries

What is the term that most accurately define the study of how medications affect the body?

Pharmacology

Fine powder:

All particles can pass through

Gel

A semiliquid substance that is administered orally

Liquid

solutions that cannot be separated by straining or letting set

Suspension

A type of medicine that will need to mix before administration

What is the term for the circular muscular walls of blood vessels that regulate the flow of blood through capillaries?

Capillary sphincters

Define cardiogenic shock:

Heart is not working adequately leading to a decrease in perfusion.

Increased afterload

Pressure to be overcome when left ventricle

Increased preload

Amount of blood returning to the heart

Which chemicals are responsible for the signs/symptoms of an allergic reaction?

Histamines and leukotrienes

What is the foreign substance causing an allergic reaction?

Allergen

Which of the following is a compound released by the cells in response to an allergic reaction?

Histamine

What causes bilateral wheezing over all the lung fields in a patient suspected of a severe allergic reaction?

Bronchoconstriction

Which of the following substances is a sedative-hypnotic?

Alcohol

How are most poisons taken into the body?

Ingestion

List the signs and symptoms of sympathomimetic drug overdose:

Irritability, tachycardia, cardiac dysrhythmias, and fear

You are dispatched to the scene of an unresponsive male with track marks on his arms. The scene is safe. What is your FIRST step in the care of this patient?

ABCs

What is the definition of organic brain syndrome?

Dysfunction of the brain cause by abnormal physical or physiological function

List three signs of excited delirium.

Diaphoresis, tachycardia, and hallucinations

Define the term 'behavioral crisis'.

A situation in which a patient of any age exhibits agitated, violent, or uncooperative behavior