Patterns

Boiling point increases when

Pressure, IMF, MW all increase

IMF increase when

MW, Surface Area, Polarity all increase

Vapor Pressure increases when

Temperature increases, IMF decreases

Solubility increases when

Temperature increases for solids, Pressure increases/Temperature decreases for gases

Raoult’s Law

P solution = mole fraction solvent x P solvent

Van’t Hoff factor

i, represents number of particles in a solution after solute dissolves

Van’t Hoff factor for nonelectrolytes

i = 1, smallest van’t hoff factor

Van’t Hoff factor formula

i = 1 + (degree of dissociation a)(n-1)

Example: NaCl, n = 2 since it breaks into 2 particles, a=1 because NaCl dissociates completely in H2O, so i = 1 + (1)(2-1) = 1 + 1 = 2

Melting point increases when

IMF, Pressure, Molecular symmetry/packing increases

Hydration energy increases when

Radius decreases, Charge increases

Lattice energy increases when

Charge increases, Distance between ions decreases

Periodic trend: increases left to right, top to bottom