Studied by 9 people
normal volume of blood
4-6 L average
normal components of blood
plasma, buffy coat, formed elements
plasma
carries blood through body, makes up about 55%
buffy coat
concentration of all white blood cells and platelets in sample
formed elements
cells and cell fragments suspended in plasma
pH of blood
7.35-7.45, acidosis if decreased toward neutral
serum
plasma minus clotting factors, contains antibodies
RBC
erthrocytes, O2 and CO2 transport
WBC
leukocytes, immune defense, inflammatory response, antibody production, cellular immune response
platelets
thrombocytes, blood clotting
hemoglobin
iron gives hemoglobin oxygen carrying capacity, transportation of respiratory gases
CBC
used to measure levels or amounts of many blood cells
Hematocrit
percent of whole blood that is red blood cells
low hematocrit
anemia
erythroblastosis fetalis
Rh positive mother carries second Rh positive fetus
polycythemia
over production of red blood cells
hemorrhagic
acute: immediate blood loss, chronic: blood loss occurs over time
aplastic
low red blood cell count and destruction of bone marrow
pernicious
vitamin B12 deficiency
folate deficiency
folate (vitamin B9) deficiency
iron deficient
inability to absorb iron to hemoglobin synthesis
hemolytic
decreased RBC life span or increased RBC rate of destruction
sickle cell
formation of abnormal hbs
thalassemia
inherited hemolytic anemias- RBCs microcytic and short lived
leukopenia
low WBC
leukocytosis
high WBC
multiple myeloma
cancer of B lymphocytes (plasma cells) causing bone marrow dysfunction and production of defective antibodies
infectious mononucleosis
infectious viral disease characterized by swelling of lymph nodes
prothrombin
proteins from liver, clotting factors
thombin
enzyme in BP that converts fibrinogen to fibrin
fibrin
insoluble protein involved in clotting
hemophilia
inability to produce factor VII
thrombocytopenia
reduced platelet counts
Vit K deficiency
not enough vitamin k to produce clotting
type A
receives O and A
type B
receives O and B
type AB
receives O, A, B, and AB
upper respiratory tract
nose, pharynx, larynx
lower respiratory tract
trachea, bronchial tree, lungs
rhinitis
nasal inflammation
laryngitis
inflammation of larynx from infection or irritation
epiglottitis
life-threatening type of laryngitis caused by Hib infection
croup
non life-threatening type of laryngitis caused by parainfluenza viruses producing a barking cough
deviated septum
septum that's abnormally far from midsagittal plane
epistaxis
can result from mechanical injuries to nose, hypertension, etc
infant respiratory distress syndrome
leading cause of death in premies, resulting from lack of surfactant production in alveoli
adult respiratory distress syndrome
impairment of surfactant by inhalation of foreign substances or other conditions
pleurisy
inflammation of pleura
atelectasis
incomplete expansion or collapse of lung
pneumothorax
presence of air in pleural space
hemothorax
presence of blood in pleural space
acute bronchitis
occurs when airways of lungs swell and produce mucus in lungs
pneumonia
infection of the lungs
tuberculosis
infectious bacterial disease that affects the lungs
restrictive pulmonary disorders
a decrease in total volume of air
obstructive pulmonary disorders
COPD; causes airflow blockage and breathing related problems
COPD
group of lung diseases that block airflow and make it difficult to breathe
chronic bronchitis
long-term inflammation of the bronchi
emphysema
condition in lungs where alveoli are damaged and enlarged
asthma
airways become inflamed, narrow, swell, and produce extra mucus making it difficult to breathe
lung cancer
cancer that begins in the lungs
eupnea
normal breathing
hyperventilation
rapid and deep respirations
hypoventilation
slow and shallow respirations
dyspnea
orthopnea
dyspnea relieved by moving into an upright or sitting position
apnea
stopped respiration
cheyne-stokes
cycles of apnea and hyperventilation
respiratory arrest
failure to resume breathing after period of apnea
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Flashcard (46)