Blood and Pulmonary 12/8

normal volume of blood

4-6 L average

normal components of blood

plasma, buffy coat, formed elements

plasma

carries blood through body, makes up about 55%

buffy coat

concentration of all white blood cells and platelets in sample

formed elements

cells and cell fragments suspended in plasma

pH of blood

7.35-7.45, acidosis if decreased toward neutral

serum

plasma minus clotting factors, contains antibodies

RBC

erthrocytes, O2 and CO2 transport

WBC

leukocytes, immune defense, inflammatory response, antibody production, cellular immune response

platelets

thrombocytes, blood clotting

hemoglobin

iron gives hemoglobin oxygen carrying capacity, transportation of respiratory gases

CBC

used to measure levels or amounts of many blood cells

Hematocrit

percent of whole blood that is red blood cells

low hematocrit

anemia

erythroblastosis fetalis

Rh positive mother carries second Rh positive fetus

polycythemia

over production of red blood cells

hemorrhagic

acute: immediate blood loss, chronic: blood loss occurs over time

aplastic

low red blood cell count and destruction of bone marrow

pernicious

vitamin B12 deficiency

folate deficiency

folate (vitamin B9) deficiency

iron deficient

inability to absorb iron to hemoglobin synthesis

hemolytic

decreased RBC life span or increased RBC rate of destruction

sickle cell

formation of abnormal hbs

thalassemia

inherited hemolytic anemias- RBCs microcytic and short lived

leukopenia

low WBC

leukocytosis

high WBC

multiple myeloma

cancer of B lymphocytes (plasma cells) causing bone marrow dysfunction and production of defective antibodies

infectious mononucleosis

infectious viral disease characterized by swelling of lymph nodes

prothrombin

proteins from liver, clotting factors

thombin

enzyme in BP that converts fibrinogen to fibrin

fibrin

insoluble protein involved in clotting

hemophilia

inability to produce factor VII

thrombocytopenia

reduced platelet counts

Vit K deficiency

not enough vitamin k to produce clotting

type A

receives O and A

type B

receives O and B

type AB

receives O, A, B, and AB

upper respiratory tract

nose, pharynx, larynx

lower respiratory tract

trachea, bronchial tree, lungs

rhinitis

nasal inflammation

laryngitis

inflammation of larynx from infection or irritation

epiglottitis

life-threatening type of laryngitis caused by Hib infection

croup

non life-threatening type of laryngitis caused by parainfluenza viruses producing a barking cough

deviated septum

septum that's abnormally far from midsagittal plane

epistaxis

can result from mechanical injuries to nose, hypertension, etc

infant respiratory distress syndrome

leading cause of death in premies, resulting from lack of surfactant production in alveoli

adult respiratory distress syndrome

impairment of surfactant by inhalation of foreign substances or other conditions

pleurisy

inflammation of pleura

atelectasis

incomplete expansion or collapse of lung

pneumothorax

presence of air in pleural space

hemothorax

presence of blood in pleural space

acute bronchitis

occurs when airways of lungs swell and produce mucus in lungs

pneumonia

infection of the lungs

tuberculosis

infectious bacterial disease that affects the lungs

restrictive pulmonary disorders

a decrease in total volume of air

obstructive pulmonary disorders

COPD; causes airflow blockage and breathing related problems

COPD

group of lung diseases that block airflow and make it difficult to breathe

chronic bronchitis

long-term inflammation of the bronchi

emphysema

condition in lungs where alveoli are damaged and enlarged

asthma

airways become inflamed, narrow, swell, and produce extra mucus making it difficult to breathe

lung cancer

cancer that begins in the lungs

eupnea

normal breathing

hyperventilation

rapid and deep respirations

hypoventilation

slow and shallow respirations

dyspnea

orthopnea

dyspnea relieved by moving into an upright or sitting position

apnea

stopped respiration

cheyne-stokes

cycles of apnea and hyperventilation

respiratory arrest

failure to resume breathing after period of apnea