Exam 1 - Pearson Q's

Which of these makes up the greatest portion of whole blood by volume?

1. platelets

2. leukocytes

3. plasma

4. erythrocytes

3. plasma

What is a hematocrit?

1. A hematocrit is the percentage of leukocytes & platelets in a whole blood sample

2. A hemocrit is the percentage of all formed elements in a whole blood sample

3. A hemocrit is the percentage of plasma in a whole blood sample

4. A hematocrit is the percentage of erythrocytes in a whole blood sample

4. A hematocrit is the percentage of erythrocytes in a whole blood sample

What is the average normal pH range of blood?

1. 4.65-4.75

2. 7.75-7.85

3. 7.35-7.45

4. 8.35-8.45

3. 7.35-7.45

Which of the following is not a function of blood?

1. transport of metabolic wastes

2. protection from infection

3. hormone production

4. homeostatic regulation

3.hormone production

give the word of this definition:

• Makes up most of plasma protein

ALBUMIN

give the word of this definition:

• The major contributor to plasma osmotic pressure

Albumin

give the word of this definition:

• forms the structural framework of a blood clot

Fibrinogen

give the word of this definition:

• Thrombin catalyzes the activation of these molecules present in plasma

Fibrinogen

Prostaglandin derivates such as Thromboxane A₂ is produced by ___.

platelets

What is the fibrous protein that gives shape to an RBC plasma membrane?

SPECTRIN

Erythropoietin is a hormone that stimulates production of __.

RBCs

What 2 things stimulates WBC production?

• Interleukins

• CSFs

__ is a natural anticoagulant found in basophils

Heparin

With a patient that is administered an injection of erythropoietin (EPO) you would expect to see ________.

1. decreased white blood cell count

2. increased white blood cell count

3. increased hematocrit

4. decreased hematocrit

3. increased hematocrit

Which plasma constituent is the main contributor to clotting?

1. albumin

2. beta globulins

3. alpha globulins

4. fibrinogen

4.fibrinogen

Which of the following is true of the structure of an erythrocyte?

1. Erythrocytes are nucleated cells.

2. Erythrocytes can bend and twist to fit through vessels.

3. Erythrocytes are larger than other cells in the blood.

4. Erythrocytes are cell fragments.

2. Erythrocytes can bend and twist to fit through vessels.

What is the name of the protein found in erythrocytes that transports respiratory gases and provides the red color?

1. fibrinogen

2. antibody

3. albumin

4. hemoglobin

4. hemoglobin

How many oxygen molecules can be transported by one hemoglobin molecule?

1. two

2. four

3. eight

2.four

Erythropoietin (EPO) stimulates the developmental process shown here. What part of the body does erythropoietin (EPO) target to increase erythropoiesis?

1. bone marrow

2. lungs

3. kidneys

4. liver

1. Bone marrow

What part of the hemoglobin molecule is eventually metabolized to stercobilin in the feces?

1. iron

2. transferrin

3. a portion of the heme group

4. globin

3.a portion of the heme group        

What erythrocyte production disorder results from an autoimmune disease associated with insufficient vitamin B₁₂ absorption (step 6)?

1. renal anemia

2. pernicious anemia

3. aplastic anemia

4. hemorrhagic anemia

2. pernicious anemia

Mature erythrocytes do NOT contain mitochondria or a nucleus.

• True

• False

True

Which of the following does NOT stimulate erythrocyte production?

1. a drop in blood oxygen levels

2. erythropoietin

3. testosterone

4. hyperventilating

4. hyperventilating

Which of the following anemias is correctly matched with its description?

1. aplastic anemia: results from excessive blood loss

2. hemolytic anemia: results from inadequate iron intake

3. hemorrhagic anemia: results from red blood cells rupturing

4. pernicious anemia: results from a vitamin B12 deficiency

4.pernicious anemia: results from a vitamin B12 deficiency

Higher viscosity of blood will increase the amount of stress placed on the heart while it is pumping. Viscosity of blood is highest when ________.

1. hemoglobin levels are lowest

2. HbA1C levels are lowest

3. hematocrit is highest

4. plasma levels are highest

3. hematocrit is highest

Which of the following might trigger erythropoiesis?

1. hypoxia of EPO-producing cells

2. moving to a lower altitude

3. an increased number of RBCs

4. decreased tissue demand for oxygen

1. hypoxia of EPO-producing cells

t/f:

The primary source of RBCs in the adult human being is the bone marrow in the shafts of the long bones.

false

t/f:

Fetal hemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen than does adult hemoglobin.

true

C

D

B

E

D

t/f:

Leukemia refers to cancerous conditions involving white blood cells.

true

T/F:

Leukopenia is an abnormally low number of leukocytes.

true

T/F:

Granulocytes called neutrophils are phagocytic and are the most numerous of all white blood cell types.

True

What factor stimulates platelet formation?

1. PDGF

2. G-CSF

3. thrombopoietin

4. erythropoietin

3. Thrombopoietin

1. plasminogen

2. plasmin

3. fibrin

4. thrombin

2. plasmin

Hemostasis is important for __________.

1. stoppage of bleeding

2. red blood cell recycling

3. red blood cell production

4. white blood cell production

1. stoppage of bleeding

A person who lacks agglutinogen A but has agglutinogen B would have blood type __________.

1. B

2. AB

3. O

4. A

1. B

Which of the following scenarios could result in HDN (hemolytic disease of the newborn)?

1. O-positive female pregnant with a B-positive baby

2. AB-negative female pregnant with an AB-negative baby

3. B-negative female pregnant with an AB-positive baby

4. A-positive female pregnant with a B-positive baby

3. B-negative female pregnant with an AB-positive baby

Choose the incompatible transfusion.

1. Donate type B blood to a recipient with type AB blood.

2. Donate type A blood to a recipient with type AB blood.

3. Donate type B blood to a recipient with type O blood.

4. Donate type O blood to a recipient with type AB blood.

3. Donate type B blood to a recipient with type O blood.

When neither anti-A serum nor anti-B serum clot on a blood plate with donor blood, the blood is type ________.

A

AB

O

B

type O

cuz type O has both anti b and anti a antibodies

__ is the abnormal excess of erythrocytes resulting in an incr. in blood viscosity

POLYCYTHEMIA

Thrombocytopenia is platelet deficiency/surplus resulting in spontaneous bleeding from small blood vessels.

deficiency

Anemia is a condition in which blood has abnormally low __ __ capacity

oxygen carrying capacity

Leukemia is cancerous condition involving RBCs/WBCs

WBCs

__ is a free floating thrombus in the bloodstream

Embolus

1. endocardium

2. epicardium

3. myocardium

4. visceral layer of the serous pericardium

3. myocardium

1.superior vena cava

2.pulmonary trunk

3.coronary sinus

4. pulmonary veins

4. pulmonary veins

left ventricle

pulmonary trunk

left atrium

right atrium

right atrium

just know locations

Cardiac tamponade results in ineffective pumping of blood by the heart. This is because the excessive amount of fluid in the pericardial cavity will ______.

prevent the visceral layer of the serous pericardium from properly surrounding the heart

prevent the heart from filling properly with blood

prevent proper oxygenation of the blood

interfere with the ability of this fluid to lubricate the serous membranes

prevent the heart from filling properly with blood

T/F:

The role of the chordae tendineae is to open the AV valves at the appropriate time.

False; they hold the AV valves in place so they don’t flip backward.

Select the correct statement about the heart valves.

Aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves control the flow of blood into the heart.

The mitral (bicuspid) valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle.

The tricuspid valve divides the left atrium from the left ventricle.

The atrioventricular (AV) valves prevent backflow of blood added into the atria during ventricular contraction.

The atrioventricular (AV) valves prevent backflow of blood added into the atria during ventricular contraction.

Name the ridged bundles of muscle found projecting inside the right atrium.

View Available Hint(s)for Part A

Trabeculae carneae

Pectinate muscles

Papillary muscles

Intercalated discs

Pectinate muscles

Identify the right atrioventricular valve.

Pulmonary valve

Tricuspid valve

Bicuspid valve

Aortic semilunar valve

Tricuspid valve

Identfiy the valve located at the exit of the right ventricle.

Bicuspid valve

Pulmonary semilunar valve

Tricuspid valve

Aortic semilunar valve

Pulmonary semilunar valve

T/F:

The moderator band is found on both the right and left side of the heart.

False

T/F:

Oxygenated blood flows through the right side of the heart.

False

Identify the most muscular chamber.

View Available Hint(s)for Part A

Left atrium

Right atrium

Left ventricle

Right ventricle

Left ventricle

Name the inner lining of the heart.

View Available Hint(s)for Part B

Epicardium

Myocardium

Endocardium

Pericardium

Endocardium

Identify the valve found between the left atrium and left ventricle.

View Available Hint(s)for Part C

Bicuspid (mitral) valve

Aortic valve

Tricuspid valve

Pulmonary valve

Bicuspid (mitral) valve

What heart chamber pushes blood through the aortic semilunar valve?

Left ventricle

Right ventricle

Left atrium

Right atrium

Left ventricle

Name the irregular ridges of muscle lining the ventricles that are not indirectly connected to the atrioventricular valves.

Pectinate muscles

Trabeculae carneae

Papillary muscles

Chordae tendineae

Trabeculae carneae

What fibrous structure functions to anchor the atrioventricular valves in a closed position?

Trabeculae carneae

Chordae tendineae

Papillary muscle

Moderator band

Chordae tendineae

T/F:

Blood on the right never mixes with blood on the left, once the heart is fully developed.

TRUE

What is the function of the coronary circulation?

Provide a blood supply to the heart

Provide a blood supply to the pericardium

Provide a blood supply to the aortic arch

Provide a blood supply to the lungs

Provide a blood supply to the heart

What is the ligamentum arteriosum?

A ligament securing the aorta

A remnant of the ductus arteriosus

A remnant of the foramen ovale

A ligament attaching the aorta to the superior vena cava

A remnant of the ductus arteriosus

Which chamber of the heart exits into the pulmonary trunk?

Right atrium

Right ventricle

Left ventricle

Left atrium

Right ventricle

Identify the ear like flaps that are attached to the top chambers of the heart.

Pectinate muscles

Coronary sinus

Atrium

Auricle

Auricle

t/f:

The first branch off the arch of the aorta is the brachiocephalic artery in both the sheep and the human.

True

t/f:

The base of the heart is located at the bottom of the heart.

false

right ventricle

left atrium

right atrium

left ventricle

right atrium

pulmonary semilunar valve

right atrium

left ventricle

right ventricle

left ventricle

t/f: The right side of the heart is considered the systemic circuit pump.

FALSE

The term for pain associated with deficient blood delivery to the heart that may be caused by the transient spasm of coronary arteries is ________.

pericarditis

angina pectoris

myocardial infarct

ischemia

angina pectoris

t/f:

The myocardium receives its blood supply from the coronary arteries.

TRUE

T/F: The left side of the heart pumps the same volume of blood as the right.

TRUE

The __ __ __ carries o2 poor venous blood from above the diaphragm from areas of the upper body & extremities into the right atrium

superior vena cava

The __ __ carries O2 poor venous blood of the coronary circulation into the right atrium

Coronary sinus

The ___ __ cava carries O2 poor venous blood from below the diaphragm from the areas of the lower body & extremities into the right atrium.

inferior vena cava

know names

Assume that blood is flowing from the coronary sinus to the lung capillaries. Place the anatomical labels in order of flow in the target boxes. Not all labels are used.

just study picture

just know

Which structure prevents backflow of blood into the left atrium

mitral (biscuspid) valve

The vessel that carries O2-rich blood to tissues is the…

aorta

Systemic capillaries are capillaries receiving blood flow from the right/left side of the heart

left

Structure that’s located anatomically btwn aorta & left ventricle is the

aortic semilunar valve

just know

just know

Select the correct partial path. This path is part of the complete blood flow pathway. You should be able to trace flow starting in any location.

Blood moves from the pulmonary artery into the left atrium. From there, it passes through the mitral valve into the left ventricle.

Blood moves from the aorta, through smaller systemic arteries, and into systemic capillaries. From there it moves through systemic veins, into the right atrium, and through the tricuspid valve.

Blood from the systemic veins returns to the heart through the left atrium. Blood then passes through the mitral valve.

Blood moves from the pulmonary trunk, through the pulmonary arteries, and into the pulmonary capillaries. From there it moves through the pulmonary veins into the right atrium.

2. Blood moves from the aorta, through smaller systemic arteries, and into systemic capillaries. From there it moves through systemic veins, into the right atrium, and through the tricuspid valve.

Which of the following descriptions does not describe atrioventricular (AV) valves?

formed from pocket-like cusps

flap-like

open based on pressure changes in the atria versus the ventricles

anchored inferiorly by specialized connective tissue

formed from pocket-like cusps

S-T segment

QRS complex

T wave

P wave

P wave

just know

just know

 Which of these is a condition marked by premature ventricular contraction?    

extrasystole

heart block

arrhythmia

fibrillation

extrasystole

The P wave on an electrocardiogram represents __________.

ventricular repolarization

atrial depolarization

ventricular depolarization

atrial repolarization

atrial depolarization

ventricular ejection

isovolumetric relaxation phase

ventricular filling

isovolumetric contraction phase

isovolumetric contraction phase

ventricular filling

ventricular systole

mid-to-late diastole (atrial contraction)

early diastole (isovolumetric relaxation)

ventricular systole        

phase 1

phase 2a

phase 2b

phase 3

phase 2b

Normal heart sounds are caused by which of the following events?

closure of the heart valves

excitation of the sinoatrial (SA) node

friction of blood against the chamber walls

opening of the heart valves

closure of the heart valves

Isovolumetric relaxation and ventricular filling (two phases of the cardiac cycle) take place during __________.

ventricular diastole

ventricular systole

ventricular diastole