C1.2 Cell Respiration (HL)

Cell Respiration

The controlled release of energy from organic compounds to produce ATP.

Anaerobic Respiration

Partial breakdown of organic compounds, like glucose, yielding a small amount of ATP.

Aerobic Respiration

Complete breakdown of organic compounds, resulting in a significantly larger ATP yield.

Coenzymes

Organic compounds that shuttle components needed for enzymatic reactions, cycling between loaded and unloaded forms.

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

A coenzyme that transfers energy in a usable form for cells and is produced via substrate-level or oxidative phosphorylation.

Glycolysis

The process of converting glucose to pyruvate, producing a net yield of ATP and reduced NAD.

Fermentation

The conversion of pyruvate into either lactic acid or ethanol and CO2 to regenerate NAD in the absence of oxygen.

Krebs Cycle

A series of oxidation and decarboxylation reactions occurring in the mitochondrial matrix, yielding ATP and hydrogen carriers.

Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

A series of protein complexes where hydrogen carriers transfer high energy electrons to produce ATP via