Political Challenges and Changes - Chapter 11

These flashcards cover key concepts, definitions, and events related to political challenges and changes as described in Chapter 11.

What is devolution?

The process by which a state destabilizes as a result of pressures that divide groups

What geographic concept do the Basques of northern Spain exemplify?

Ethnic separatism.

What was the result of the Philippine government resettling Christians in a Muslim area?

Destabilization.

What term describes the process by which a state attacks and tries to eliminate an ethnic group?

Ethnic cleansing.

Which country shifted from a unitary state to a federal state due to devolutionary forces?

Belgium

What concept does the Ukrainian conflict map depict?

Irredentism

Which aspect of physical geography shown in the map likely serves as a devolutionary force for Ukraine?

Crimea’s separation from Ukraine by water

Based on the map, which of the following was NOT a devolutionary factor that caused the disintegration of the Soviet Union?

A fragmented physical geography

What most likely contributed to the devolution of the Soviet Union?

Individual republics contained ethnic or cultural groups that identified more closely with other groups in their region than with the Russian-led Soviet Union.

Which of the following terms refers to a body that is formed by three or more countries that come together for a common purpose, somewhat limiting their own individual powers?

A supranational organization.

The League of Nations was a precursor to which modern-day organization?

The United Nations.

What do the Pacific Alliance and the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement have in common?

They are trading blocs.

What is the primary focus of the Arctic Council?

Sustainable development and the environment.

Which of the following is the best example of an economic benefit of supranationalism?

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations being able to successfully reduce trade barriers between member countries

Which statement accurately describes a drawback of supranationalism?

The political and economic actions of member states may be limited to some degree.

The photo shows Britons demonstrating in 2019 in support of Brexit, or leaving the European Union. Which statement cites a reason given for leaving the European Union?

European Union regulations on migration threatened Britain’s sovereignty over its borders.

Which of the following is an accurate conclusion, based on the data presented?

British voters were closely divided on whether to proceed with Brexit.

Based on the information provided, which of the following was one reason for Britain to stay in the European Union?

Britain enjoyed free trade with other European Union countries, which comprised a large percentage of global economic output.

What is NATO best described as?

A supranational organization.

Fragmented physical geography serves as what type of force within a state?

Centrifugal.

Which of the following is an example of centripetal force acting within a country?

The 9/11 terrorist attacks

People living within Belarus have a renewed sense of pride in their history and heritage, as demonstrated in the photo above. This is an example of which concept?

Ethnonationalism.

What type of force results in separatism?

Centrifugal.

What is an example of a centrifugal force?

Poverty.

What serves as an example of secession?

The Confederate States of America

How did physical geography likely serve as a centripetal force for the German Confederation?

By facilitating communication and trade among the states.

What is the difference between a confederation and a federation?

A confederation is a union of sovereign states while a federation is a union of states under a central government.