Elizabeth

Who tried to make their daughter-in-law Lady Jane Grey Queen after Edward VI

Duke of Northumberland

Who was Mary I's mother

Catherine of Aragon

Who did Mary I marry

Philip II of Spain

When was Elizabeth's reign

1558-1603

5 features of Elizabeth's govt

Court

Privy Council

Parliament

Lords/Lieutenant

Justice of the Peace

Feature of Elizabeth govt, describe Court

Body of people made up of nobility

Feature of Elizabeth govt, describe Privy Council (how often do they meet)

19 leading courtiers chosen by monarch meet 3 times a week

Feature of Elizabeth govt, describe Parliament

House of Lords and House of Commons

Feature of Elizabeth govt, describe Lords/Lieutenant

On the Privy Council, in charge of defence

Feature of Elizabeth govt, describe justice of the peace

Large landowners kept law and order

What 4 things does the monarch have the right to do

Declare war

accept/reject laws

rule in some legal cases

grant titles

What does patronage mean

Provide important job for a specific cause, effective way to control people

Feature of Elizabeth govt, describe Secretary of State

Most important Privy Councillor close to monarch, most trusted advisor

Who was the Secretary of State until 1573

Sir William Cecil

Sir William Cecil was Secretary of State until

1573

List the 4 personal issues people had with Elizabeth

Legitimacy

Gender

Marriage

Character

issues with Elizabeth, how was legitimacy a problem

Henry divorced Catherine to marry Anne Boleyn

Henry declared her illegitimate

AB executed for treason

Issues with Elizabeth legitimacy, when did Henry divorce Catherine of Aragon

1533

issues with Elizabeth, how was legitimacy not a problem

Henry reversed declaring E illegitimate

issues with Elizabeth, how was Gender a problem

Monarchs expected to lead armies in battle

unusual

woman considered mentally and emotionally weaker

issues with Elizabeth, how was marriage a problem

Could mean the crown would be dominated by a foreign man

Phillip II Spain unpopular

issues with Elizabeth, how was her character not a problem

Well educated

understood dangerous world of court politics

great speeches

What were the 3 problems Elizabeth faced on her accession in 1558 (challenges at home and abroad)

Foreign countries

finances

religious division

On E accession to throne, why was foreign countries most important

Immanent threats of invasion

On E accession to throne, why was finances second most important problem

Could still get money

On E accession to throne, why was religious division least important problem

Didn't threaten her position as monarch at the moment, has majority of country support

In challenges at home and abroad finance, how could monarch raise money (5)

Income from crown lands

taxes

subsides

profits of justice

loans

In challenges at home and abroad finance, raising money what are subsides

Special taxes agreed by Parliament

In challenges at home and abroad finance, raising money what are Custom Duties

Taxes and Trade

In challenges at home and abroad finance, what is the crown annual income

£286,667

In challenges at home and abroad finance, how much debt was the crown in

£300k

In challenges at home and abroad finance, why was it hard for E to raise money

Raising taxes unpopular

relying on parliament for income was risky

In challenges at home and abroad foreign countries, why was France a threat (5)

Richer

more populous

they had Calais

alliance with Scotland

War over with spain

In challenges at home and abroad foreign countries, why was Scotland a threat (2)

MQoS had claim to english throne

alliance with france

In challenges at home and abroad foreign countries, describe features of the scotland and france alliance

Auld Alliance

MQoS 1/2 french and married to french heir

french troops in scotland

In challenges with Scotland, what did MQoS do that was a threat

Declare herself legitimate catholic monarch of england

In challenges at home and abroad foreign countries, england had held the french port of calais since

1347

In challenges at home and abroad foreign countries, Mary I had been at war with France in the

1550s

In challenges at home and abroad foreign countries, Calais was lost to France in

1559

In challenges at home and abroad foreign countries, why was calais important

Foothold in european mainland

In challenges at home and abroad foreign countries, what did E do about Calais

Made reclaiming Calais an important foreign policy priority

In challenges at home and abroad religious division, what's reformation (and when)

16cent reform of catholic church, led to creation of protestant church

In challenges at home and abroad religious division, describe catholicism

Traditional church in western europe with Pope as the head

In challenges at home and abroad religious division, describe Protestantism (Martin Luther)

Reformed church spread from ideas of Martin Luther, German monk who challenged authority of the pope

In challenges at home and abroad religious division, describe clergy

Body of church leaders who carried out religious duties

In challenges at home and abroad religious division, describe secularism

Separation of religion from civil affairs and the state

In challenges at home and abroad religious division, describe puritan

Radically protestant

In challenges at home and abroad religious division, catholicism mass

Miracle occurs when bread and wine become body and blood of christ

In challenges at home and abroad religious division, catholicism churches

Highly decorated in honour and glory of God

In challenges at home and abroad religious division, protestantism pope

Shouldn't be one

In challenges at home and abroad religious division, protestantism believed what was unnecessary (people)

Archbishops, bishops, cardinals

In challenges at home and abroad religious division, protestantism mass

Bread and wine represent last supper in bible

In challenges at home and abroad religious division, catholicism clothing

Priests wear vestments

In challenges at home and abroad religious division, ... England's bishops were ... in 1558

Most catholic

In challenges at home and abroad religious division, what would need to be done to change religion of country

Act of Parliament

In challenges at home and abroad religious division, in an act of parliament, who would most likely agree with E

House of Commons

In challenges at home and abroad religious division, what did many priests do

Change religion to keep job

In challenges at home and abroad religious division, name a particularly catholic region

Lichfield

In challenges at home and abroad religious division, what did more catholic countries tend to be

Further form london, more remote

In challenges at home and abroad religious division, name a particularly protestant region

London

In challenges at home and abroad religious division, with Mary I, how many protestants were burned for religious beliefs

Approx 300

House of lords primarily consists of

Bishops

House of lords is what religion

Catholic

Generally where are catholics

North and west

What does royal prerogative mean

Crown retains ultimate authority in matters of govt

What year was E's religious settlement

1559

Why was there a religious settlement

Avoid rebellions

What 3 things were features of the Religious Settlement

Act of Supremacy

Act of Uniformity