anatomy lab 3

types of tissue

1. epithelial

2. nervous

3. muscle

4. connective

epithelial

forms outer covering of the skin and lines internal surfaces of body cavities and hollow organs

simple epithelial

• one layer of cells

• absorption, diffusion, filtration

• trachea, small intestine, lungs, kidneys

stratified epithelial

• multiple layers of cells

• protection of underlying structures

• epidermis, mouth, salivary gland, bladder

connective tissue

supports, protects, and gives structure to other tissues and organs in the body

loose connective tissue

• areolar, adipose, reticular (mesh-like)

• loosely arranged fibers

• cushions, protects, and holds organs in place

• skin, lymph nodes, spleen, red bone marrow

regular connective tissue

• tendons, ligaments, fasia

• parallel

• support the skeletal system

connective bone tissue

• hardest connective tissue

• collagen and calcium

• osteocytes

• vascular

• stores minerals, synthesizes blood cells

connective blood and lymph

• fluid matrix with no fibers

• material suspended in this matrix

connective cartilage

• similar to bone but collagen and elastic fibers and no calcium

• avascular

• chondrocytes

hyaline cartilage

• strong and felxible support

• absorbs compression forces at joints

• costal cartilage

elastic cartilage

• Contains many elastic fibers in addition to collagen

• Has a firm but flexible structure

• ears, epiglottis

fibrocartilage

• thick collagen fibers, less rigid than hyaline

• intervertebral discs and meniscus of knee

cardiac

• striated

• branching fibers connected by intercalated discs

• synchronized involuntary contraction

skeletal

• striated

• voluntary contractions from the nervous system

• synchronized voluntary contraction

smooth

• non-striated, involuntary peristaltic contractions

• moves substances

nervous

• conducts electrical signals

• central nervous system (brain and spinal cord)

• peripheral nervous system (the nerves)

skeletal system

• axial and appendicular

Functions:

• support, movement, protection, red blood cell production

Types of bones:

• flat, long, short, Irregular, sesamoid

yellow marrow

• fatty bone marrow

• medullary cavity of long bones

• increases as we age

red marrow

• spongy bone

• often flat bone and ends of long bones

• Red blood cell production

• Most at birth

osteoclast

• absorbs bone tissue

• dissolve bone matrix by secreting acid and enzymes, releasing calcium and phosphate into the bloodstream

• pictured on the inside

osteoblasts

• builds bone

• produces new bone matrix

• pictured outside the bone

osteocyte

• mature bone cell

• maintenance

• maintain bone tissue, regulate mineral content, and communicate with other bone cells to coordinate remodeling

osteoclasts

__ dissolve calcified cartilage

osteoblasts

__ lay down bone in place of cartilage

epiphysis

ends of a long bone

diaphysis

• shaft of the bone

• designed not to bend or break

• includes compact and spongy bone

medullary cavity

houses red and yellow bone marrow

endosteum

thin membrane lining medullary cavity

contains cells important for growth and repair

periosteum

thin fiberous membrane covering the entire bone surface except the articular cartilage

allows attachment of ligaments and muscle tendons

houses cells important in bone formation and tissue repair

contains nerve fibers

articular cartilage

where bone comes together to form joints

shock absorption, cushioning, less friction

poor blood supply; doesnt heal well post damage

irregular connective tissue

• thick bundles of collagen

• multiple planes

• digestive tract, organ capsules

connective tissue fibers

• tightly arranged

• flexible and resistant to tension

simple squamous, where

lining heart and blood vessels

simple cuboidal, where

kidney tubules

simple columnar, where

small intestine

pseudostratified columnar, where

lining treachea

stratified squamous, where

lining esophagus

stratified cuboidal, where

sweat and salivary glands

stratified columnar, where

male urethra

transitional, where

bladder and urethra lining