Global midterms

The feudal system

Was the system of land ownership where rules divided land among their followers in return for loyalty and taxes

Blacksmith

Makes tools and weapons

Bailiff

Man who ran the Manor in the Lords absence. Responsible for collecting taxes and keeping law and order

Open field system

The land for crops was divided into three huge fields. Each field was divided into long stripes of land and tended by different families

Serfs

Belonged to their Lord. Worked 6 days a week farming the Lords lands. In return they received a small plot of land. They couldn’t leave the Manor or marry without the Lords permission. If they escaped and stayed free for a year and a day the became a freeman

Lords

They were very powerful

Foot soldiers

Made up the largest part of any medical army, fought with swords, daggers and spears. They were peasants

Archers

Fought with a bow and arrow, or sometimes a longbow or cross bow. Wore very little protective clothing

Knights

We’re minor nobles who fought on horseback and swore the oath of chivalry. Wore full body armour

Feudalism

The system of land ownership and hierarchy where the King granted land to nobles in exchange for loyalty, military service, and taxes.

Manorialism

it was the economic system of the Middle Ages where the Lord's estate (Manor) was the center of life and production.

What does mesopotamia mean

Land between the two rivers

What are the two rivers in mesopotamia

Tigris and Euphrates

All of the river valley civilizations

Polytheistic

Hammurabi’s code

The first written set of laws, strict and harsh punishments

Sumerians

made cuneiform, writing, wheel and plow

Neolithic revolution

change in diet and shelter, hunter and gather changed to farmic, permanent settlers

CAUSE AND EFFECT

Neolithic rev led to civilizations

Where did they settle

The river valley

The nile

Predictable flooding

Why did they build pyramids

tombs for the pharaohs who were viewed as gods, brought them to the afterlife with valuables

How did monsoons impact the lives of Indians?

If monsoons were late a drought happened, brought them water, flooding

How did Hinduism and Buddhism develop in India?

Buddhism came from hinduism, both found in India, The aryans brought the vedas to india, no founder

Grid planned cities

Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro

Writing system

Sanskrit

The castle system

Karma

The Buddhist and Hindu belief that the sum of a person's actions in this life determines their fate in the next life.

Dharma

The responsibilities of each caste

Reincarnation

The belief of being reborn into a cycle

Founder of Buddhism

Siddartha, believed suffering was the result of desire, lived the middle way, rejected the castle system

The four noble truths

1. All life is suffering, 2. Suffering is caused by desire, 3. To end suffering, one must end desire, 4. To end desire, follow the Eightfold Path.

Eightfold path

The steps followed in Buddhism to achieve Nirvana, including right understanding, right speech, and right action.

Buddhism and Hinduism similarities

S: Enlightenment, Reincarnation, Karma, Dharma

D: Moksha, Nirvana, Can’t move classes (H), anyone can move (B), Buddhism has no social classes

Dynasties

Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han

Shang

First dynasty, oracle bones

Zhou

Mandate of heaven

Qin

Legalism, strict government and laws, the great wall of china

Han

silk road, trade routes that connected Asia to the western world, civil service exam, confucianism

Confucianism

Respected elders (Filial Piety), rulers are viewed as role models, all are equal besides ruler and parents, restore social order

Legalism

strict government and laws, similar to hammurabi’s code

Silk road

trade routes that connects china to the rest of the world

Geographies impact on greece

Isolated separate city states and kept Greece from uniting, different government in each city state, travel and trade based on water routes, they can’t unite or trade

Mountains impact on greece

Few natural resources, forced city states to expand, protection and isolation

How did democracy develop in Athens

Athens and Sparta were in a war and Athens citizens decided to make their own decisions and voted directly on laws

Most important contribution to the modern world

Trade increased

cultural diffusion, adopted the phoenician alphabet

differences between Athens and Sparta

S: Language, religion and culture

Athens: golden age, limited democracy, prioritized educations, prepare for times of peace and war, limited freedom of speech, women’s roles limited to managing the house

Sparta: oligarchy, based around the military, discipline and strength, women had freedoms

Alexander the Great

United the Greek city states, the son of one of the biggest rulers in greece, the empire collapsed after his death

Hellenistic culture

The combination of Egyptian, Greek, Persian and indian, CULTURAL DIFFUSION

Cultural Diffusion

The spreading of ideas and beliefs

Republic vs democracy

People voted for elected representatives in a republic, laws directly in a democracy

Patricians: Wealthy landowners, most power

Plebeians: Common people, no power

The punic wars

Rome vs Carthage, gave Rome the control of the Mediterranean sea

Julius Caesar

Led the Roman armies, dictator of Roman republic, assassination was end of the republic and the start of the Roman empire

Pax Romana

Golden age

Inventions in rome

Aqueducts, arches and domes, roads increased trade and transportation

Rome’s downfall

12 Tables

Law code of the Roman republic, law applies to everyone