Asexual and Sexual Reproduction in Plants and Humans

Flashcards covering key terms and definitions related to asexual and sexual reproduction in plants and humans.

Asexual Reproduction

A process resulting in genetically identical offspring, known as clones, that requires only one parent.

Clones

Genetically identical offspring produced by asexual reproduction.

Fertilisation

The fusion of the nuclei of two gametes, forming a zygote.

Diploid

Cells that have a full set of chromosomes, typically found in zygotes.

Haploid

Cells, such as egg and sperm cells, that contain half the number of chromosomes.

Zygote

The fertilized egg cell that results from the fusion of sperm and egg nuclei.

Pollination

The transfer of pollen grains from an anther to a stigma.

Cross-pollination

The transfer of pollen from one plant's anther to another plant's stigma, resulting in increased genetic diversity.

Self-pollination

The transfer of pollen from an anther to the stigma of the same flower or another flower on the same plant.

Advantages of Sexual Reproduction

Includes wide genetic diversity, promotes survival, and allows adaptation to changing environments.

Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction

Requires two parents, produces fewer offspring, and takes longer than asexual reproduction.

Testes

Male reproductive organs where sperm cells are produced.

Ovaries

Female reproductive organs that develop egg cells.

Menstrual cycle

A monthly cycle in females where an egg cell is released, and the uterus prepares for possible pregnancy.

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)

Infections transmitted via bodily fluids during sexual intercourse.

HIV

Human immunodeficiency virus, a pathogen that leads to AIDS and affects the immune system.

Placenta

An organ that connects to the fetus via the umbilical cord and allows the exchange of substances between the fetus and mother.

Amniotic fluid

Fluid surrounding the fetus that provides protection.