AP Lit Test #2

Elegy

a sad or mournful poem

Sonnet form (Petrarchan/Italian)

Divides the 14 lines into two sections: an eight line stanza (octave) rhyming ABBAABBA, and a six-line stanza (sestet) rhyming CDCDCD or CDECDE

Sonnet form (Shakespearean/English)

3 quatrains and a concluding couplet, rhyming abab cdcd efes gg

Villanelle

A 19 line form using only two rhymes and repeating two of the lines according to a set pattern (idk wtf this means)

Ekphrasis

The poetic representation of a painting or sculpture in words

Speaker

the voice of the poem

Apostrophe

A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love.

Assonance

Repetition of a vowel sound within two or more words in close proximity

Consonance

Repetition of a consonant sound within two or more words in close proximity.

euphony

pleasant, harmonious sound

dissonance

Unpleasant or unharmonious sound

blank verse

unrhymed iambic pentameter

Conceit

a fanciful, particularly clever extended metaphor

end rhyme

A word at the end of one line rhymes with a word at the end of another line

internal rhyme

A word inside a line rhymes with another word on the same line

exact rhyme

the repetition of the same stressed vowel sound as well as any consonant sounds that follow the vowel

near/approximate rhyme

rhyming in which the words sound the same but do not rhyme perfectly

free verse

poetry that does not rhyme or have a regular meter

blank verse

Poetry written in unrhymed iambic pentameter

Diction

A writer's or speaker's choice of words

meter

A regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry

foot (poetry)

the basic unit of measurement in poetry having stressed or unstressed syllables

accent/stress

The emphasis laid on a sound or syllable.

Scansion

The process of marking lines of poetry to show the type of feet and the number of feet they contain

Iamb

unstressed, stressed

Trochee

stressed, unstressed

Spondee

stressed, stressed

Enjambment

the continuation of a sentence without a pause beyond the end of a line, couplet, or stanza.

Syntax

The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.

Refrain

A line or set of lines repeated several times over the course of a poem.

end-stopped line

A line that ends with a natural speech pause, usually marked by punctuation

Caesura

A natural pause or break in a line of poetry, usually near the middle of the line.

dimeter, trimeter, tetrameter, pentameter, hexameter

Lines consisting of 2, 3, 4, 5, & 6 feet, respectively

couplet, tercet, quatrain, quintet, sestet, septet, octave

Terms for stanzas in poetry

fixed vs. unfixed forms of poetry

Fixed verse forms are a kind of template or formula that poetry can be composed in. The opposite of fixed verse is free verse poetry, which by design has little or no pre-established guidelines.

Imagism

a movement in early 20th-century English and American poetry that sought clarity of expression through the use of precise images

Denotation

The dictionary definition of a word

Connotation

an idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning.

lyric poetry

A short poem in which a single speaker expresses personal thoughts and feelings

didactic poetry

Poetry designed to teach an ethical, moral, or religious lesson.

turn/volta

a sudden change in thought, direction, or emotion at the conclusion of the sonnet