Anatomy & Physiology Midterm Study Guide

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Study Guide

Last updated 8:21 PM on 3/7/23
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282 Terms

1
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parts of the microscope
knowt flashcard image
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calculating magnification
mag. of objective lens x mag. of ocular lens = total magnification

4X x 10X = 40X

10X x 10X = 100X

40X x 10X = 400X
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Never use the coarse focus knob with objective lens except with what lens?
scanning lens
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identify on a neuron model
plasma membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, smooth ER, rough ER, mitochondria, lysosomes, golgi apparatus
plasma membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, smooth ER, rough ER, mitochondria, lysosomes, golgi apparatus
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plasma membrane
envelopes cell contents

phospholipid bilayer that allows active and passive transport
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cytoplasm
fluid inside the cell that surrounds the organelles
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nucleus
control center of cell

contains DNA
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smooth ER
doesnt contain ribosomes
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rough ER
contains ribosomes
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ribosomes
mRNA is translated into proteins here, found both free-floating and attached to ER
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golgi apparatus
packages proteins for transport out of or around cell

“amazon of the cell”
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mitochondria
turns nutrients into ATP

“powerhouse of the cell”
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lysosomes
breaks down waste
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cell cycle
cell cycle
know the phases
know the phases
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tissues
epithelial

connective

muscle

nervous
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epithelial
epithelial
tightly packed cells lining or making the edge of a tissue

no blood supply
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connective tissue
loosely organized cells suspended in a nonliving matrix

be able to identify spongy and compact bone

adipose, dense fibrous, loose, elastic, cartilage, bone, and blood

most abundant and has an extracellular matrix
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muscle tissue
cells contain protein filaments of myosin and actin

smooth, cardiac, skeletal muscle
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smooth muscle
know what it looks like under a microscope
know what it looks like under a microscope
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skeletal muscle
kow what it looks like under a microscope
kow what it looks like under a microscope
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cardiac muscle
know what it looks like under a microscope
know what it looks like under a microscope
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nervous tissue
specialized for sending electrical signals

neurons and neuroglial cells
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osmosis
solvent, solute, solution
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solvent
dissolves a solute

ex: water
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solute
the substance being dissolved in a solvent

ex: suger
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solution
formed when a solute is dissolved in a solvent

ex: simple syrup
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diffusion
the passive transport of solutes from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

does not require ATP

think about the capri sun analogy
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passive transport
transport of water (solvent) across a selectively permeable membrane to an area of the *solvents* high concentration to *solvents* low concentration
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tonicity
used for comparing two different solutions
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hypotonic solution
hypo= less than

tonos= stretching

causes hydrolysis

cell grows
hypo= less than

tonos= stretching

causes hydrolysis

cell grows
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isotonic solution
iso= same

both solutions have the same amount of solutes
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hypertonic solution
hyper= more than

the solution with more solutes

causes crenation

cell shrinks
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the three type of osmosis solutions
be able to identify their microscope slides
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anatomical position
standing up straight, palms facing up, arms by the side, feet facing forward, face forward
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supine position
laying face up on the back
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prone position
laying face down on the stomach
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body regions
know the 29 body regions
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facial
face region
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cranial
superior and posterior of head region
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cervical
neck region
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axillary
armit region
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brachial
upper arm region
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antebrachial
lower arm region
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pectoral
breast region
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inguinal
groin region
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acromial
lateral shoulder region
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carpal
wrist region
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digital
finger region
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pubis
genital region
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sternal
center of chest region
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palmar
palm of hands region
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thoracic
chect region
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popliteal
posterior knee region
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scapular
shoulder blade region
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gluteal
buttocks region
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abdominal
belly region
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pubic
genital region
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coxal
lateral hip region
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vertebral
spinal column region
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dorsum
back region
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lumbar
lower back region
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umbilical
belly button region
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patellar
knee reigon
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femoral
thigh region
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sacral
between hips on spine
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plantar
sole region
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calcaneal
heel region
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directional terms
know the 10 terms
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anterior
front of the body
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posterior
back of the body
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medial
close to the midline
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lateral
away from the midline
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superior
top of the body
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inferior
bottom of the body
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superficial
towards the surface
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deep
away from the surface
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proximal
arms and legs close to attachment
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distal
arms and legs far from attachment
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body planes
know the 4 planes
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sagittal plane
lateral

divides body into left and right planes
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frontal plane
divides the body into front and back planes
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transverse plane
divides body into top and bottom planes
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oblique plane
diagonal cut through the body
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body cavities
know the 5 cavities
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dorsal body cavity
cranial canity and vertebral canal
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cranial cavity
the brain
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vertebral canal
the spinal cord
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ventral body cavity
thoracic, abdominal, pelvic cavity, and the diapragm
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thoracic cavity
the lungs, heart and sternum
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abdominal cavity
stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, other organs of the stomach region
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pelvic cavity
genitals and reproductive organs
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diaphragm
separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity
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abdominal regions
know the 9 regions and have a general idea of what organs are in which region
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right hypochondriac region
upper right of the body when viewing in anatomical position
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epigastric region
top middle of the body when viewing in anatomical position
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left hypochondriac region
top left of the body when viewing in anatomical position
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right lumbar region
right middle of the body when viewing in anatomical position
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umbilical region
very middle of the body when viewing in anatomical position
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left lumbar region
left middle of the body when viewing in anatomical position
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right iliac region
bottom right of the body when viewing in anatomical position

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