Environmental History and Urbanization

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary related to environmental history, urbanization, and related theories, helping to understand key concepts for exam preparation.

Urbanization

The large-scale movement of people from rural areas to cities, especially during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Environmental History

The study of how humans and the natural world have influenced one another over time.

Anthropocene

A proposed geological epoch in which human activity became the dominant force shaping Earth's climate and ecosystems.

Sustainability

The concept of meeting present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs.

Environmental Determinism

The theory that physical environments determine human behavior, culture, and development.

Technology (Jørgensen)

The idea that technology mediates humanity's relationship with nature, defining what it means to be human and transforming ecosystems.

Climate Change (Anthropogenic)

Modern global climate change caused by human activity, especially burning fossil fuels and deforestation.

Historical Agency

The capacity of humans—and sometimes nonhumans—to act and influence history.