Wk. 6 - Acid-Base Imbalance Practice Questions Foreign Language

A patient is hyperventilating due to anxiety. What immediate effect does this have on pH? A. pH decreases B. pH increases C. pH remains unchanged D. HCO₃⁻ increases

B

ABG: pH 7.28, PaCO₂ 52, HCO₃⁻ 25. Interpretation? A. Uncompensated respiratory acidosis B. Partially compensated respiratory acidosis C. Metabolic acidosis D. Respiratory alkalosis

A

ABG: pH 7.50, PaCO₂ 30, HCO₃⁻ 24.Interpretation? A. Metabolic alkalosis B. Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis C. Partially compensated respiratory alkalosis D. Fully compensated respiratory alkalosis

B

Which condition is most likely to cause metabolic acidosis? A. Vomiting B. NG suction C. Severe diarrhea D. Antacid overuse

C

A patient with COPD presents with confusion and hypoventilation. What imbalance is expected? A. Respiratory alkalosis B. Metabolic alkalosis C. Respiratory acidosis D. Metabolic acidosis

C

Which ABG indicates fully compensated respiratory acidosis? A. pH 7.30, PaCO₂ 55, HCO₃⁻ 26 B. pH 7.36, PaCO₂ 58, HCO₃⁻ 32 C. pH 7.50, PaCO₂ 30, HCO₃⁻ 24 D. pH 7.28, PaCO₂ 32, HCO₃⁻ 18

B

What is the priority intervention for respiratory acidosis? A. Administer potassium B. Improve ventilation C. Restrict fluids D. Administer antacids

B

A patient with DKA will likely exhibit which breathing pattern? A. Bradypnea B. Apnea C. Kussmaul respirations D. Cheyne-Stokes respirations

C

Which lab finding is expected in metabolic alkalosis? A. Low HCO₃⁻ B. High HCO₃⁻ C. Low PaCO₂ D. Low pH

B

Which system acts FIRST to regulate acid-base balance? A. Renal system B. Respiratory system C. Buffer system D. Endocrine system

C

Which are causes of respiratory acidosis? (Select all that apply) A. Opioid overdose B. COPD C. Hyperventilation D. Chest trauma E. Anxiety

A,B,D

Which are clinical manifestations of metabolic acidosis? (Select all that apply) A. Kussmaul respirations B. Hyperkalemia C. Confusion D. Bradycardia E. Warm flushed skin

A,B,C,E

Which are causes of metabolic alkalosis? (Select all that apply) A. Vomiting B. NG suction C. Diuretics D. Diarrhea E. Antacid overuse

A,B,C,E

Which findings are associated with respiratory alkalosis? (Select all that apply) A. Tingling B. Dizziness C. Hypoventilation D. Tachycardia E. Muscle cramps

A,B,D,E

Which interventions are appropriate for metabolic acidosis? (Select all that apply) A. IV fluids B. Insulin C. Sodium bicarbonate D. Restrict oxygen E. Dialysis

A,B,C,E

True or False: Respiratory acidosis is caused by excess CO₂ retention.

True

True or False: In metabolic alkalosis, the lungs compensate by hyperventilating.

False

True or False: Fully compensated ABGs have a normal pH.

True

True or False: Hyperkalemia is commonly seen in metabolic acidosis.

True

True or False: The kidneys respond faster than the lungs in compensation.

False

ABG: pH 7.32, PaCO₂ 30, HCO₃⁻ 18. What is the interpretation? A. Uncompensated metabolic acidosis B. Partially compensated metabolic acidosis C. Fully compensated metabolic acidosis D. Respiratory alkalosis

B

A patient has RR 8/min and decreased LOC after opioid use. Priority action? A. Administer insulin B. Administer naloxone C. Encourage deep breathing D. Start potassium infusion

B

Which patient is at highest risk for metabolic alkalosis? A. Severe diarrhea B. NG suction C. COPD D. Renal failure

B

ABG: pH 7.40, PaCO₂ 50, HCO₃⁻ 30. Interpretation? A. Uncompensated respiratory acidosis B. Fully compensated respiratory acidosis C. Metabolic alkalosis D. Respiratory alkalosis

B

A patient is anxious with RR 38. What is the priority nursing intervention? A. Encourage slow breathing B. Administer diuretics C. Give potassium D. Restrict fluids

A

Which finding requires immediate intervention? A. pH 7.38 B. PaCO₂ 40 C. pH 7.18 D. HCO₃⁻ 24

C

Which electrolyte imbalance is most dangerous in acid-base disorders? A. Sodium B. Potassium C. Calcium D. Chloride

B

A patient with renal failure is most at risk for: A. Respiratory alkalosis B. Metabolic alkalosis C. Metabolic acidosis D. Respiratory acidosis

C

ABG: pH 7.52, PaCO₂ 44, HCO₃⁻ 32. Interpretation? A. Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis B. Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis C. Fully compensated metabolic alkalosis D. Respiratory alkalosis

A

Which action evaluates effectiveness of treatment? A. Monitor intake B. Repeat ABGs C. Check blood pressure D. Assess pain

B