Lipids 2- Membranes

what is the name of the most common phospholipid?

glycerophospholipids

what are the 2 other names for glycerphospholipid?

phosphoglyceride or glycerol phosphatide

All glycerophospholipids are members of the broader class of lipids known as_______________.

phospholipids

The phosphate, together with such esterified entities, is reffered to as a ______________

“head” group

phosphatides with choline or ethanolamine are referred to as ________________(aka lecithin)

phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylethanolamine

what are the 2 most common constituents/lipids of biological membranes?

phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine

Another kind of glycerol phosphatide found in many tissues is diphosphatidylglycerol(_____________)

cardiolipin

When a cell is dying/being receycled it will flip lipids from the inside to the outside of cell as a _____________.

death signal

Where is cardiolipin and sphingomyelin located?

cardiolipin= inside membrane

sphingomyelin=plasma membrane

high percentage of sphingomyelin is found within the endosome/plasma membrane mostly in the outer or inner leaflet?

outer leaflet

Amphipathic molecules that form micelles are charachterized by a unique ________________________. hint*CMC

critical micelle concentration

what occurs when molecules are below the CMC and when they are above the CMC

below CMC= individual lipid molecules dominate

above CMC= spontaneously form micelles

________ are the preferred form of aggregation in water for detergents and soaps.

Micelles

what 3 groups are found on head groups because they readily react with H2O?

phosphates, oxygen, and amine groups

what is the differnce between fluid and mosaic?

fluid= membranes and lipids move

mosaic=full of non-lipid components like protiens

membranes that are too _______ don’t interact

membranes that are too _______ may break.

fluid; rigid

the mosaic model of proteins contain a lot of __________ protiens.

transmembrane

___________ membrane proteins associate loosely with the membrane.

peripheral

if your going to be inside a membrane and interacting w/ the hydrophillic head groups on both sides, you have to have an _____________ nature.

amphipathic

what part of the membrane do ionic and H-bonds interact with(also the hydrophillic AA)?

explain why.

only the top of the membrane because there are no hydrophobic AA to stick them inside the membrane.

the __________ a-helix has hydrophobic AA side chains sticking out which interact w/phosphate groups that are more polar.

amphipathic

All the amino acids inside membrane that interact with lipids are hydrophobic or hydrophillic?

hydrophobic

_____________ is composed of seven transmembrane a-helical segments connected by short loops.

bacteriorhodopsin

what are the 2 highest amino acids in the hydropathy scale?

isoleucine and valine

what is an example of a membrane protein that is tilted?

glutamate transporter

protiens can be anchored to the membrane by ________ ________ lipids.

covalently coupled

This type of fatty acyl chain linkage has broader fatty acid specificty than N-myristoylation:_____________

thioester-linked fatty acyl anchors

what are 4 examples of thioester-linked fatty acyl anchors?

myistate, palmitate, stearatre, and oleate

Polyprenyl(or simply prenyl) groups are long-chain polyisoprenoid groups derived from isoprene units:________________

thioether-linked prenyl anchors

prenylation of protiens destined for membrane anchoring can involve either _________ or _________________ groups.

farnesyl or geranyl-geranyl groups