JC Science Biology rapid revison

Digestion

is the breaking down of food

Respiration

is the release of energy from food

Excretion

is the removal of waste products of chemical reactions in the body

An antagonistic pair

is made up of two muscles that cause opposite effects

Sensory nerves

carry messages to the central nervous system. Motor nerves carry messages away from the central nervous system.

Ovulation

is the release of an egg from the ovary.

Fertilisation

is the joining of the sperm and the egg to form a zygote.

Implantation

is the attachment of the embryo to the lining of the uterus

Pregnancy

is the time the baby spends developing in the uterus

Contraception

is the prevention of fertilisation

Genetics

is the study of how traits or characteristics are inherited

A gene

is a section of DNA that can produce a protein.

Invertebrates

are animals that do not have backbones

Vertebrates

are animals that have backbones

Transpiration

is the loss of water from a plant

The transpiration stream

is a flow of water from the roots up through the stem and out of the leaves of a plant

Photosynthesis

is the way in which green plants make food.

A tropism

is the change in growth of a plant in response to an outside stimulus.

Phototropism

is the way a plant changes its growth response to light.

Geotropism

is the way in which a plant changes its growth in response to gravity.

Sexual reproduction

involves two sex cells joining together during fertilisation.

A gamete

is a sex cell

Asexual reproduction

means that new individuals are formed from only one parent.

Pollination

is the transfer of pollen from a stamen to a carpel.

Fertilisation

is the joining of the male and female gametes to form a zygote.

Dispersal

is the carrying of the seed as far as possible from the parent plant

Germination

is the growth of a seed to form a new plant.

Ecology

is the study of the relationships between plants, animals and their environments.

A habitat

is where a plant or animal lives.

A population

refers to all members of that particulars type of a plant or animal living in a habitat.

A community

refers to all the plants and animals in that habitat

Producers

are plants that make their own food.

Consumers

are animals that get their food by eating plants or other animals

food chain

is a list of living things in which each one is eaten by the next one in the chain.

Adaptations

are structures of habits that living things have which enable them to survive in their habitats.

Competition

occurs when two of more organisms require something that is in short supply.

Interdependence

means that living things depend on each other for survival.

line transect

is a rope marked at regular intervals and laid out across a habitat to estimate the number of plants present.

Conservation

is the protection and wise management of our natural resources.

Pollution

is any unwanted change to our environment.

Micro-organisms

are small living things

parasite

is a living thing that gets its food from another living thing.

saprophyte

is a living thing that gets its food from dead sources.

Antibiotics

are chemicals made by micro - organisms that kill or prevent the growth of bacteria.

Biotechnology

is the use of living things or parts of living things to make useful products.