Russia and the Soviet Union
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Bloody sunday 1905
Peaceful protesters marched to the Winter Palace and were shot by Tsarist troops.
Why was Bloody Sunday significant?
It destroyed trust in the Tsar and triggered the 1905 Revolution.
What was the Potemkin Mutiny (1905)?
A mutiny by sailors against their officers showing unrest in the navy.
Why was the Potemkin Mutiny important?
It showed that even the armed forces were turning against the Tsar.
What was the General Strike of 1905?
Nationwide strikes that brought transport and industry to a halt.
What was the St Petersburg Soviet?
A workers’ council formed in 1905 to organise strikes.
What was the October Manifesto?
A promise of civil liberties and an elected Duma made by Nicholas II in 1905.
Why did Nicholas II issue the October Manifesto?
To calm unrest and stop the 1905 Revolution.
When did the First Duma open?
1906.
Why was the Duma weak?
The Tsar could dissolve it and kept real power.
What was the Lena Goldfields Strike (1912)?
A strike by miners that was brutally suppressed by soldiers.
Why was the Lena Goldfields Strike important?
It increased opposition to the Tsar and worker unrest.
What happened at the Battle of Tannenberg (1914)?
Russia suffered a major defeat against Germany.
Why did World War One weaken the Tsar?
Military defeats and shortages caused anger and unrest.
What did Nicholas II do in 1915?
He took personal command of the army.
Why was Nicholas II taking command a mistake?
He was blamed for military failures.
Who was Rasputin?
A mystic who influenced the royal family.
Why was Rasputin unpopular?
He was seen as corrupt and damaged the Tsar’s reputation.
When was Rasputin assassinated?
1916.
What sparked the February Revolution?
International Women’s Day protests over food shortages.
Why did the army mutiny in 1917?
Soldiers refused to suppress protesters.
What happened to Nicholas II in 1917?
He abdicated the throne.
What replaced the Tsar in 1917?
The Provisional Government.
What was Dual Power?
Power was shared between the Provisional Government and the Petrograd Soviet.
When did Lenin return to Russia?
April 1917.
What were Lenin’s April Theses?
Peace
What was the June Offensive?
A failed military attack ordered by the Provisional Government.
Why was the June Offensive significant?
It showed the weakness of the Provisional Government.
What were the July Days?
Failed protests against the Provisional Government.
What was the Kornilov Revolt?
An attempted military takeover in 1917.
Why did the Kornilov Revolt help the Bolsheviks?
They defended Petrograd and gained support.
Who led the Petrograd Soviet in 1917?
Trotsky.
What happened in October 1917?
The Bolsheviks seized power.
What was the Winter Palace?
The seat of the Provisional Government.
What did the Bolsheviks do after taking power?
Issued early decrees on peace
Note 
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