Studied by 2 people
Interphase
Growth phase when a cell replicates DNA
Mitosis
Division of cells nucleus
Cytokenesis
Separation of cytoplasm
Chromatin
Clusters of DNA and RNA in the nucleus of a cell
Parent cell
Original cell before dividing
Daughter cell
Product of mitosis
Chromosomes
Thick, condensed structures formed when chromatin condenses
Sister chromatids
Two structures in a chromosome that are genetically similar but not identical
Centromere
Middle section of a chromosome
Nuclear membrane
Membrane that surrounds the nucleus
Gene
Specific sequence of DNA
Cytoplasm
Jellylike fluid inside the cell that holds the organelles
Spindle
Long fibre created from the aster that attaches itself to the centromere of the chromosomes
Aster
Star-like structure at each end of the dividing cell
Cell plate
A plate of tissue that grows between dividing plant cells in telophase
Cell cycle
Continuous cycle of growth and division
Growth phase
Longest part of the cell cycle, also known as interphase
Division phase
When the cell divides into two new cells
Somatic cells
Body cells
Purpose of mitosis
Growth, repair, and maintenance
Gonads
Sex cells
Prophase
Chromosomes condense, nuclear envelope disappears, spindles form
Metaphase
Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
Anaphase
Spindles pull chromosomes apart, making them single stranded
Telophase
Chromosomes relax, nuclear envelope reappears around two sets of chromosomes, cell begins to cleavage
4 stages of mitosis
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
Mutation
Permanent change to the cells DNA
Oncogenes
Genes that cause cancer when mutated
Cancer
Uncontrolled, rapid growth and division of cells.
Causes of mutations
Chemicals, radiation, viruses
Radiation therapy
Radiation directed at effected cells
Chemotherapy
Use of drugs to treat cancer
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Flashcard (24)