Biology 3201 Mitosis

Interphase

Growth phase when a cell replicates DNA

Mitosis

Division of cells nucleus

Cytokenesis

Separation of cytoplasm

Chromatin

Clusters of DNA and RNA in the nucleus of a cell

Parent cell

Original cell before dividing

Daughter cell

Product of mitosis

Chromosomes

Thick, condensed structures formed when chromatin condenses

Sister chromatids

Two structures in a chromosome that are genetically similar but not identical

Centromere

Middle section of a chromosome

Nuclear membrane

Membrane that surrounds the nucleus

Gene

Specific sequence of DNA

Cytoplasm

Jellylike fluid inside the cell that holds the organelles

Spindle

Long fibre created from the aster that attaches itself to the centromere of the chromosomes

Aster

Star-like structure at each end of the dividing cell

Cell plate

A plate of tissue that grows between dividing plant cells in telophase

Cell cycle

Continuous cycle of growth and division

Growth phase

Longest part of the cell cycle, also known as interphase

Division phase

When the cell divides into two new cells

Somatic cells

Body cells

Purpose of mitosis

Growth, repair, and maintenance

Gonads

Sex cells

Prophase

Chromosomes condense, nuclear envelope disappears, spindles form

Metaphase

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

Anaphase

Spindles pull chromosomes apart, making them single stranded

Telophase

Chromosomes relax, nuclear envelope reappears around two sets of chromosomes, cell begins to cleavage

4 stages of mitosis

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Mutation

Permanent change to the cells DNA

Oncogenes

Genes that cause cancer when mutated

Cancer

Uncontrolled, rapid growth and division of cells.

Causes of mutations

Chemicals, radiation, viruses

Radiation therapy

Radiation directed at effected cells

Chemotherapy

Use of drugs to treat cancer