AFTER biases effecting descision making ap psych

effortful processing

encoding memories that require attention and effort (makes explicit), examples are mnemonic, chunking, hierarchies

semantic memory

memories of concepts, words, facts, WHAT info means, leads to GOOD long term mems, effortful

sensory memory

immediate, brief recording of info, HUGE capacity, SHORT duration

short term memory

activated memory that holds few items briefly, 5-9 items, 12-20 seconds

long term memory

relatively permanent and infinite capacity, types include implicit and explicit,

working memory

newer understanding of short term memory that adds conciseness, active processing, and retrieval, baddeley’s model

maintenance rehearsal

‘resets clock’ on information duration, shallow—>focusing on structure of word, not meaning, bad for LTM

explicit memory

hippocampus, temporal, conscious and intentional (effortful), you recall like tests, declines with age, types are episodic and semantic

episodic memory

memories of personal events, reported as ‘stories’

implicit memory

(automatic) LTM not apart of consciousness, cant be consciously recalled, learned outside our awareness, location, sequence, emotion, frequency, ie. influencer video

priming

subtype of implicit memory, spreading activation—> when exposed to concept, brain ‘warms up’ and make similar concepts easier to retrieve

retrieval

getting information out of storage

recall

retrieving info learned at earlier time, fill in blanks,

recognition

identifying items previously learned, MCQ,

relearning

learning something more quickly the second time

long term potentiation

synaptic connections between neurons become stronger with more activation

phonetic

what info sounds like, ie. rhyming, shallow/not good LTM

iconic memory

fleeting sensory memory of VISUAL stimuli, ie. billboard, large capacity, short duration

echoic memory

fleeting memory for auditory stimuli

shallow processing

wont lead to good LTM, includes structural and phonetic

deep processing

leads to good LTM, includes semantic,

structural

type of shallow processing, what information looks like