Periodic Table and Bonding Concepts

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to the periodic table and bonding in chemistry.

Periodic Table

A tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, organized by their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties.

Families/Groups

Vertical columns in the periodic table, where elements have similar chemical properties.

Periods

Horizontal rows in the periodic table, indicating the number of electron shells.

Valence Electrons

Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom, crucial for bonding.

Noble Gases

Group 18 elements in the periodic table, known for their stability and lack of reactivity.

Alkali Metals

Highly reactive metals found in Group 1 of the periodic table.

Octet Rule

The principle stating that atoms tend to bond in such a way that they have eight electrons in their valence shell.

Nuclear Charge

The total charge of the nucleus, determined by the number of protons.

Electronegativity

A measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons.

Ionization Energy

The amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom.

Ionic Bonds

Chemical bonds formed through the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.

Covalent Bonds

Chemical bonds formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms.

Lewis Dot Structures

Diagrams that show the bonding between atoms of a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons.

Atomic Radius

The size of an atom, usually measured from the nucleus to the outer boundary of the surrounding cloud of electrons.

Ionic Radius

The size of an ion, which can differ from its atomic radius based on its charge.