Cyrus Emami - HW 2 Classical China Reading -

Warring States Period

A time of chaos and confusion in China during the late Zhou dynasty (403–221 b.c.e.) characterized by political turmoil.

Confucianism

A school of thought founded by Confucius that emphasizes morality, ethics, and proper social relationships.

Junzi

A term in Confucianism referring to 'superior individuals' who possess moral integrity and wise judgment.

Ren

A Confucian value meaning kindness, benevolence, or humanity, essential for good governance.

Li

A Confucian concept signifying propriety and manners, guiding individuals to behave appropriately within society.

Xiao

Filial piety; a Confucian virtue emphasizing respect and duty towards one’s parents and ancestors.

Daoism

A philosophical tradition that values living in harmony with nature and emphasizes simplicity and self-reflection.

Wuwei

The Daoist concept of non-action or disengagement, advocating for individuals to refrain from excessive striving.

Legalism

A political philosophy in ancient China that promoted strict laws and absolute rule to maintain order and control.

Shang Yang

A key Legalist figure who implemented strict administrative measures in the state of Qin.

Han Feizi

A prominent Legalist philosopher whose writings emphasized the importance of law and order over morality.

The Great Wall of China

A massive defensive structure built during the Qin dynasty to protect against invasions.

Qin Shihuangdi

The first emperor of China who unified the nation under a centralized imperial rule and implemented Legalist policies.

Han Wudi

The Martial Emperor of the Han Dynasty known for centralizing government and expanding the empire.

Silk Roads

A network of trade routes that facilitated the exchange of goods, culture, and ideas across Asia.

The Yellow Turban Uprising

A major peasant rebellion during the Later Han period that challenged the authority of the Han dynasty.

Wang Mang

A Han minister who seized the throne and attempted reforms for land redistribution, known as the 'socialist emperor'.

Ban Zhao

A notable woman scholar of the Han dynasty who advocated for women's education while upholding Confucian ideals.