Unit 7-- Lymphatic & Immune Systems:

Epidemiologist

Investigates the cause of disease + works to control the spread

Functions of blood:

• oxygenate body tissues

• remove waste

• defend against infection and disease

• blood clotting

Red blood cell functions:

• Manufactured in the bone marrow

• Carry oxygen to body cells

• Remove carbon dioxide

• Contain hemoglobin

White blood cells:

• Defend against infection and disease

• Manufactured mainly in the bone marrow

Systems within the immune system:

• integumentary system

• respiratory system

• digestive system

• lymphatic system

Bone Marrow Biopsy-

1. Needle inserted into bone marrow cavity.

2. Small amount is aspirated.

Needle Biopsy-

1. Needle inserted

2. Tissue removed for examination

Autoimmune Disease-

The immune system attacks its own cells

Functions of immune system:

1. Defends against pathogens

2. Recognizes self vs. non-self

3. Destroys infected/abnormal cells

4. Produces inflammation

5. Makes antibodies

6. Creates immune memory

7. Removes dead/damaged cells

Natural Immunity-

Type that you are born with.

Acquired Immunity-

the body’s ability to protect itself against specific bacterium

Acquired Active-

when body is exposed to and learns to defend itself against one type of pathogen.

Antibodies-

Blood protein produced in response to a specific antigen. Combine chemically with substances that the body recognizes as alien.

Debilitating-

a weakening or fatiguing effect

Hypersensitivity-

condition in which the body reacts with an exaggerated immune response to an allergen

Iatrogenic-

diseases or conditions that arise as a complication of medical or surgical intervention

Immunological-

Pertaining to a reaction between an antigen and an antibody

Ischemic-

conditions or diseases that are caused by a temporary deficiency in blood flow to an organ or tissue

Metabolic-

disorders that interfere with the chemical processes involved in converting food to energy

Nutritional-

Pertaining to chemical processes in the body that occur after ingesting (eating) food

Opportunistic-

term for diseases or conditions that do not take hold unless the immune system is in a weakened state

Definition of immune system:

system of cells, tissues, organs, and vessels that work together to defend your body against infection and disease.

Lymphocytes:

Detect antigens and destroy them

Tonsils:

lymphatic tissues that trap pathogens entering the mouth and nose

Lymph nodes:

Small structures located throughout the body. Filter foreign substances from the lymph before it is returned to the blood.

Hemolysis:

process by which worn-out erythrocytes are destroyed

Liver:

1. converts glycogen into glucose when the body’s cells need energy,

2. filters the blood, serves as storehouse for healthy erythrocytes

Immunity definition:

ability to resist pathogens and toxins that cause infection or disease

How is lymph different from blood:

Lymph= no platelets or RBCs

What is A?

cervical lymph node

What is I?

thymus

What is H?

Axillary lymph node

What is B?

Spleen

What is G?

Appendix

How can a person live without a spleen:

The liver and bone marrow help remove old red blood cells

Lymph nodes and white blood cells still fight infections

Spleen:

Thymus:

Organ where T cells mature and learn to recognize self vs. non-self

Lymphatic vessels:

Tubes that carry lymph fluid back to the bloodstream

Lymphatic capillaries:

Microscopic vessels where lymph first forms from tissue fluid

IgD

immunoglobulin D

IgA

immunoglobulin A

Hx, hx

history

HIV

human immunodeficiency virus

HIB

Haemophilus influenzae bacteria

HBV

hepatitis B virus

g/dL

grams per deciliter

eos

eosinophils

EBV

Epstein-Barr virus

Dx

diagnosis

diff

differential

cu mm

cubic millimeters

CT

computed tomography; computerized tomography

CC, c/c

chief complaint

CBC

Complete blood count

baso

basophils

bands

immature white blood cells (granulocytes)

AIDS

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

IgD

immunoglobulin D

T-cells

White blood cells that directly attack infected or abnormal cells

Bronchodilators –

Drugs that open airways in the lungs

Corticosteroids –

Drugs that reduce inflammation and immune activity

Epinephrine –

Hormone/drug used to treat severe allergic reactions

Vasoconstrictor –

Substance that narrows blood vessels

Bone marrow transplant –

Replacement of damaged bone marrow with healthy cells

Immunotherapy –

Treatment that uses the immune system to fight disease

Immunosuppressant –

Drug that weakens immune responses

Antibiotic –

Drug that kills or slows bacteria

Antifungal –

Drug that treats fungal infections

Antiviral –

Drug that treats viral infections

Antihistamine –

Drug that reduces allergy symptoms

Antineoplastic –

Drug used to treat cancer

Antitoxin –

Substance that neutralizes toxins

Biologic –

Drug made from living cells to target immune processes

Cytotoxic drug –

Drug that kills rapidly dividing cells