python exam 2025

Which Linux command to go from a folder to another

cd

Which Linux command leads to the root directory

cd /

Which Linux command leads to the home / standard directory

cd ~

Which Linux command leads to the above directory

cd ..

Which Linux command to display the content of the current folder

ls

How to list all pdf files of the current directory

ls *.pdf

Which option to also display the hidden files

ls -a

Which Linux command should be used to remove a file

rm

Which Linux command should be used to remove an empty directory

rmdir

Which Linux command should be used to remove a non-empty directory

rm -r

Which Linux command can be used to copy a file

cp

What does the argument -r mean in the command rm -r

recursive (directory + contents)

What Linux command is used to move a file to another directory

mv

Which Linux command to know the current path

pwd

What is echo used for in bash (what is it’s equivalent in Python)

echo "text" (Python: print())

Which Linux command to download a page from the internet

wget (or curl -O )

What is Linux

an open-source Unix-like operating system (OS)

What are Vim nano and emacs

terminal text editors

What is the command chown used for

change file owner and group: chown :

What is the command chmod used for

change permissions

Which keyboard shortcut is used to interrupt a process

Ctrl + C

Which commands or options can display a commander helper note

man or --help

How to exit a command manual

q

What is contained in the variable PATH

directories where the shell looks for executables: echo $PATH

What is the use of the symbol >

redirection (overwrite): cmd > file

What is the use of the symbol >>

redirection (append): cmd >> file

What is the use of the symbol | (vertical bar)

pipe: cmd1 | cmd2

What are the 3 main operating systems

Windows / macOS / Linux

How to execute a shell script named script.sh

bash script.sh or ./script.sh

Which Linux command to research some text in a file

grep "text" file

Which option should be used with this command to research a pattern in the file

grep -E "pattern" file

Which language is activated with this option : grep -E "PATTERN" fichier

Extended Regular Expressions (ERE)

Which option should be added to extract only the matched text rather than the whole paragraph

grep -o "pattern" file

Which first git command to use to register untracked and modified files

git add . (or git add )

Which git command to use when a file is in the stage zone to make a backup of it

git commit -m "message"

Which git command to change the repository state to the previous commit

git reset --hard HEAD~1

Which git command to change the repository state 5 commits back

git reset --hard HEAD~5

Which git command to change the repository state to the last / current commit

git reset --hard HEAD

What are the three commands that are used to save changes in the local repository for an unstaged file

git add . then git commit -m "msg" then git push

What is git

a version control system (VCS)

What is github

a web platform for hosting Git repositories

apt is a command to

manage software packages

sudo commands enable you to

run a command with administrator (root) privileges

crontab is used to

schedule commands to run automatically at specific times

in linux path variable contains

a list of directories (folders), separated by deux points

le trait penché sert à

The root directory ( the top of the file system tree)

hat was the command cat used for in class?

display the content of a file in a terminal

Write a shorter pattern that would extract the same word machine from machine. The pattern should not contain the word machine

Write a pattern that could extract all the words: html and machine and html