skeletal muscle insertions, origins, and functions

buccinator

buccinator

1. origin: maxilla and mandible

2. insertion: orbicularis oris

3. action: compress cheek

levator labii superioris

1. origin: zygomatic bone

2. insertion: skin of upper lip

3. action: elevate upper lip

mentalis

1. origin: mandible

2. insertion: skin of cheek

3. action: pout

oribcularis oris

1. origin: maxima and mandible

2. insertion: skin around mouth

3. action: close lips

oribcularis oculi

1. origin: frontal and maxillary bones

2. insertion: eyelids

3. action: close eyelids

risorius

1. origin: parotid salivary gland

2. insertion: angle of mouth

3. action: pulls mouth laterally

zygomaticus (major/minor)

1. origin: zygomatic bone

2. insertion: angle of mouth

3. action: smile

corrugators supercilli

1. origin: frontal bone

2. insertion: eyebrows

3. action: eyebrow toward midline (scrunched)

platysma

1. origin: fascia of chest

2. insertion: mandible

3. action: depress mandible; tense neck

levator anguli oris (caninus)

1. origin: maxilla

2. insertion: angle of mouth

3. action: smile

what are the 10 facial muscles?

1. buccinator

2. levator labii superioris

3. mentalis

4. orbicularis oris

5. orbicularis oculi

6. risorius

7. corrugators

8. platysma

9. levator anguli oris (caninus)

10. zygomaticus [major/minor]

4 muscles for mastication?

1. masseter

2. temporalis

3. lateral pterygoid

4. medial pterygoid

masseter

1. origin: zygomatic arch

2. insertion: mandible

3. action: elevate mandible

temporalis

1. origin: temporal fossa

2. insertion: mandible

3. action: elevate mandible

lateral pterygoid

1. origin: lateral pterygoid process

2. insertion: mandibular condyle

3. action: ant. + side to side movement of mandible

medial pterygoid

1. origin: medial pterygoid process

2. insertion: medial surface of mandible

3. action: ant. + side to side movement of mandible

sternocleidomastoid

1. origin: sternum and clavicle

2. insertion: mastoid process

3. action: flexion and notation of neck

trapezius

1. origin: occipital bone and c7-t12

2. insertion: acromion/spine of scapula

3. action: extend, elevate scapula2 mu

muscles of cervical region (theres 2)

1. trapezius

2. sternocleidomastoid

3 muscles of respiration

1. external intercostals

2. internal intercostals

3. diaphragm

external intercostals

1. origin: in between ribs

2. insertion: in between ribs

3. action: elevate ribs (inhale)

internal intercostals

1. origin: in between ribs

2. insertion: in between ribs

3. action: depress ribs (exhale)

diaphragm

1. origin: inferior surface of rib cage

2. insertion: central tendon

3. action: change volume of thoracic cavity (breathing)

4 abdominal muscles

1. rectus abdominis

2. transverse abdominis

3. external oblique

4. internal oblique

rectus abdominis

1. origin: pubic bone

2. insertion: sternum, ribs 5-7

3. action: compression of abdominal wall

transverse abdominis

1. origin: iliac crest

2. insertion: pubic bone

3. action: compression of abdominal wall

external oblique

1. origin: lower 8 ribs

2. insertion: iliac crest

3. action: compression of abdominal wall

internal oblique

1. origin: iliac crest

2. insertion: last 3 ribs

3. action: compression of abdominal wall

5 muscles of the back

1. latissimus dorsi

2. erector spinae group

3. lecator scapulae

4. rhomboideus (major and minor)

5. serratus anterior

latissimus dorsi

1. origin: t7-t12, iliac crest

2. insertion: proximal humerus

3. action: adduction and extension of humerus

erector spinae group

1. origin: t9-t12, iliac crest

2. insertion: c2-t2

3. action: extension and lateral flexion of spine

levator scapulae

1. origin: c1-c4

2. insertion: scapula

3. action: pulls scapula forward

rhomboideus (major and minor)

1. origin: c7-t5

2. insertion: scapula

3. action: adduct and medial rotation of scapula

serratus anterior

1. origin: ribs 1-8

2. insertion: scapula

3. action: pulls scapula forward

9 muscles of the pectoral girdle

1. pectoralis major

2. pectoralis minor

3. coracobrachilias

4. deltoid

5. teres major

6. supraspinatus

7. infraspinatus

8. teres minor

9. subscapularis

pectoralis major

1. origin: clavicle, sternum, ribs 3-5

2. insertion: proximal humerus

3. action: adduction and flexion of arms

pectoralis minor

1. origin: ribs 3-5

2. insertion: coracoid process

3. action: stabilize scapula inferiorly

coracobrachilais

1. origin: coracoid process

2. insertion: medial humerus

3. action: adduction and flexion of arm

deltoid

1. origin: acromion and scapular spine

2. insertion: deltoid tuberosity

3. action:abduction and rotation of arm

teres major

1. origin: scapula

2. insertion: proximal humerus

3. action: adduction, internal rotation of arm

supraspinatus

1. origin: supraspinous fossa

2. insertion: greater tubercle

3. action: abduction of humerus

infraspinatus

1. origin: infraspinous fossa

2. insertion: greater tubercle

3. action: external rotation of humerus

teres minor

1. origin: lateral scapula

2. insertion:greater tubercle

3. action: external rotation of humerus

subscapularis

1. origin: subscapular fossa

2. insertion: lesser tubercle

3. action: internal rotation of humerus

4 muscles of the humerus

1. biceps brachii

2. brachialis

3. brachioradialis

4. triceps brachii

biceps brachii

1. origin: coracoid process, glenoid

2. insertion: radial tuberosity

3. action: flex elbow and shoulder

brachialis

1. origin: distal humerus

2. insertion: coronoid process of ulna

3. action: flex elbow

brachoiradialis

1. origin: distal humerus

2. insertion: radial styloid process

3. action: flex elbow

triceps brachii

1. origin: scapula and shaft of humerus

2. insertion: olecranon process

3. action: extend elbow

7 muscles of the forearm (which are flexors and which are extenders?) {hint: 3 of the flexors start with flexor and 3 of the extensors start with extensor}

1. flexor digitorum superficialis

2. flexor carpi ulnaris

3. flexor carpi radialis

4. palmaris longus (flexor)

5. extensor digitorum

6. extensor carpi radialis longus

7. extensor carpi ulnaris

flexor digitorum superficialis

1. origin: medial epicondyle of humerus

2. insertion: phalanges

3. action: flex fingers and wrist

flexor carpi ulnaris

1. origin: medial epicondyle of humerus

2. insertion: carpals

3. action: flex and abduct wrist

flexor carpi radialis

1. origin: medial epicondyle of humerus

2. insertion: metatarsals

3. action: flex and abduct wrist

extensor digitorum

1. origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus

2. insertion: phalanges

3. action: extend fingers

extensor carpi radialis longus

1. origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus

2. insertion: metacarple 2

3. action: extend and abduct wrist

extensor carpi ulnaris

1. origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus

2. insertion: metacarpal 5

3. action: extend and abduct wrist

8 muscles of the hip (+ what are the 3 adductors?)

1. iliacus

2. psoas major

3. gluteus maximus

4. gluteus medius

5. tensor fascia latae

6. gracilis (adductor)

7. pectineus (adductor)

8. piriformis (adductor)

iliacus

1. origin: iliac fossa

2. insertion: lesser trochanter

3. action: flex hip and spine

psoas major

1. origin: t12-l5

2. insertion: lesser trochanter

3. action: flex hip and spine

gluteus maximus

1. origin: ilium, sacrum, and coccyx

2. insertion: femur, IT band

3. action: extend rotate hip (lateral)

gluteus medius

1. origin: ilium

2. insertion: greater trochanter

3. action: extend rotate hip (medial)

tensor fascia latae

1. origin: iliac crest

2. insertion: IT band

3. action: abduct thighs

gracilis (adductor)

1. origin: pubis and ischium

2. insertion: medial tibia

3. action: adduct thigh

pectineus (adductor)

1. origin: pubis

2. insertion: linea aspera

3. action: adduct thigh

piriformis (adductor)

1. origin: sacrum

2. insertion: greater trochanter

3. action: external rotation of thigh

9 muscles of the thigh (anterior and posterior) (what are the 4 knee extensors and 4 knee flexors?)

1. rectus fermoris

2. vastus lateralis

3. vastus medialis

4. vastus intermedius

5. biceps femoris

6. semitendinosus

7. semimembranosus

8. popliteus

9. saratorius

rectus femoris (knee extensors)

1. origin: anterior inferior iliac spine

2. insertion: patella

3. action: flex hip, extend knee

vastus lateralis (knee extensors)

1. origin: linea aspera

2. insertion: patella

3. action: extend knee

vastus medialis (knee extensor)

1. origin: linea aspera

2. insertion: patella

3. action: extend knee

vastus intermedius (knee extensor)

1. origin: linea

2. insertion: patella

3. action: extend knee

biceps femoris (knee flexor)

1. origin: ischium

2. insertion: fibula, tibia

3. action: extend hip, flex knee

semitendinosus

1. origin: ischium

2. insertion: tibia

3. action: extend hip, flex knee

semimembranosus

1. origin: ischium

2. insertion: tibia

3. action: extend hip, flex knee

popliteus

1. origin: lateral femoral condyle

2. insertion: tibia

3. action: internal rotation, flex knee

saratorius

1. origin: anterior superior iliac spine

2. insertion: tibia

3. action: abduct and externally rotate thigh

6 muscles of the lower leg?

1. tibialis anterior

2. gastrocnemius

3. soleus

4. extensor digitorum longus

5. fibulairs brevis

6. plataris

tibalis anterior

1. origin: tibia

2. insertion: medial cuneiform

3. action: dorsiflex foot

gastrocnemius

1. origin: femoral condyles

2. insertion: calcaneus

3. action: plantarflex foot

soleus

1. origin: tibia and fibula

2. insertion: calcaneus

3. action: plantarflex foot

extensor digitorum longus

1. origin: tibia and fibula

2. insertion: middle and distal phalanges

3. action: extend toes, dorsiflex foot

fibularis brevis

1. origin: fibula

2. insertion: tuberosity of 5th metatarsal

3. action: plantarflex foot

plataris

1. origin: femur

2. insertion: medial side of calcaneus

3. action: flex knee, plantarflex foot