DCAP Ch 7 & Ch 8

Atlas

C1 bone; allows one to nod; articulates with skull

Auditory ossicles

made up of malleus, incus, stapes, found deep in the ear canal

Axial skeleton

Portion of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column

Axis

C2 bone; allows one to pivot neck

body of sternum

the main portion of the sternum

bone functions

Support the weight of the body, allows for body movements, protect internal organs

ligament functions

Hold bones together at a movable joint; prevent excessive movements that may lead to injury

Calvaria

cranium without the face; skull cap

Cartilage function

Provides flexible strength and support for body structures; unites adjacent bones
Provides cushioning

Cervical curve

The first curve of the back, consists of 7 vertebrae (c1-c7), supports the head

Cervical vertebrae

Have a small body with a bifid (y-shaped) process; only vertebrae with transverse foramen

Coccyx

tailbone found distal to the sacrum

Coronal suture

the suture between the parietal and frontal bones of the skull

Costal cartilage

connects ribs to sternum

Cranium

the portion of the skull that encloses the brain

ethmoid bone

found deep in the nasal cavity in front of the sphenoid bone, forms part of the posterior portion of the nose, the orbit, and the floor of the cranium

false ribs

last 5 pairs of ribs; attach indirectly to sternum via hyaline cartilage (specifically costal cartilage)

floating ribs

2 false ribs (11-12) that do not connect to the sternum via costal cartilage at all

Foramen magnum

A large opening at the base of the skull through which the spinal cord connects to brain.

Frontal bone

the anterior cranial bone

Glabella

the area between the eyebrows

hyoid bone

U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports the tongue and its muscles.

hypopheseal fossa

the depression of the sella turcica; home of the pituitary gland

Inferior articular process of vertebrae

downward projecting process that connects the vertebrae to its lower counterpart

Inferior nasal conchae

the lower projections of the nasal cavity

Infratemporal fossa

inferior to the temporal fossa; articulation region for the mandible which allows chewing

Intervertebral discs

fibrocartilage pads that separate and cushion the vertebrae

Kyphosis

excessive outward curvature of the thoracic curve

Lacrimal bone

small fragile bone making up part of the front inner walls of each eye socket and providing room for the passage of the lacrimal ducts (tear ducts)

lamboid suture

the suture between the occipital and parietal bones

Lordosis

The excessive curvature of the lumbar spine

Lumbar curve

often referred to as the lower back, L1-L5

Lumbar vertebrae

Have a shorter spinous process and larger centrum or body

Mandible

lower jaw

Manubrium

the upper portion of the sternum, connects to clavicle

mastoid process

round projection on the temporal bone behind the ear, attachment site of neck muscles

Maxillary bones

The upper jawbones that assist in the formation of the orbit, the nasal cavity, and the palate and hold the upper teeth.

middle nasal conchae

projections that can be seen as the upper portion of the nasal cavity from anterior view

Nasal bone

forms the bridge of the nose

Nasal septum

partition separating the right and left nasal cavities; formed by ethmoid and lower vomer bone

Occipital bone

Bone at the base of the skull

Orbit

bony cavity that holds eyeball

Parietal bones

form most of the roof and upper sides of the cranium

Pterion

the suture between all bones but occipital, weakest part of the skull

Sacral curve

the last curve, houses the sacrum and coccyx

Sagittal suture

the suture between parietal bones

Scoliosis

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

Sella turcica

cavity in the skull that contains the pituitary gland

Sphenoid bone

Bone that joins all of the bones of the cranium together, can only be seen a little bit from the lateral view of the head, but much more from the superior view of the cranial cavity as it makes up most of the middle fossa

Spinous process

downward facing projection that acts as ligament and muscle attachment site

Squamous suture

suture between parietal and temporal bones

Superior articular process of vertebrae

upward facing projection that articulates with the head of ribs (for thoracic vertebrae only) and connects to the above vertebrae

Superior nasal conchae

above the middle nasal conchae, cannot be seen by the anterior view of the face (too deep in nasal cavity)

Temporal bone

seen on the most lateral sides of the head, forms parts of the side of the skull and floor of the cranial activity.

Temporal fossa

Mandible articulation point on the temporal bone; works with infratemporal fossa to allow chewing movement

Thoracic curve

2nd curve, T1-T12, connects to ribs

Thoracic vertebrae

Have an elongated, downward-facing transverse process with a longer spinous process

Transverse foramen of vertebrae

only found in cervical vertebrae, house veins, arteries, and nerves

Transverse process of vertebrae

projection that point laterally, attachment site for spinal muscles and articulates with ribs for thoracic vertebrae

True ribs

first 7 pairs of ribs; attach directly to sternum via costal cartilage

Vertebral arch

structure that encloses the nerve cord

Vertebral foramen

canal through which spinal cord passes

Vomer bone

Flat, thin bone that forms part of the nasal septum

xiphoid process

lower portion of the sternum

Zygomatic bone

bone below frontal bone, lateral to maxilla

Fontanelles

large fibrous areas between the cranial bones found in infant skulls, slowly shrink as cranial bones grow closer together

Suture

dense fibrous connective tissue that connects cranial bones together

How many vertebrae are there that fuse together after puberty for both the sacrum and coccyx?

There are 5 sacral vertebrae that fuse after puberty, and 4 coccyxal vertebrae that fuse after puberty

The thoracic cage consists of

thoracic vertebrae, sternum, ribs

Temporal process of the zygomatic bone

short extension from the zygomatic bone that forms the anterior portion of the zygomatic arch

Zygomatic arch

temporal and zygomatic process

Zygomatic process of the temporal bone

extension from the temporal bone that forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch

Function of the axial skeleton

protects major organs such as the brain, spinal cord, heart, and lungs

Function of the appendicular skeleton

facilitates movement and supports limbs

What causes a cleft palate?

Improper fusion of the palatine process of the maxilla (and sometimes the palatine bone)

Which of these statements about the nasal septum is true?

The septum is composed of bone (ethmoid and vomer) and septal cartilage

The three sections of the vertebral column, in order from superior to inferior, are:

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar

Intervertebral discs are made of

fibrocartilage

During CPR, hand placement is extremely important. If hands are placed too far towards the inferior end of the sternum ________________ might break off and cause damage.

The xiphoid process

Epicondyle

protuberance above a condyle (region on end of long bone)

Fissure

narrow, slit-like opening

Fossa

depression or dip

Foramen

hole

Groove

Furrow on a bone that protects long blood vessels or nerve segments

Meatus

short canal that opens to another part of the body

Process

large, bony projection

Tubercle

small, rounded projection or protuberance

Tuberosity

large, raised, roughened region for muscle/connective tissue attachment